{"id":946,"date":"2009-12-08T10:50:29","date_gmt":"2009-12-08T08:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=946"},"modified":"2024-03-08T09:52:54","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T06:52:54","slug":"obama-afganistan-icin-%c2%91serefli-ricat-borusu-caldi-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=946","title":{"rendered":"Obama Afganistan i\u00e7in \u0091’\u015eerefli Ricat’ borusu \u00e7ald\u0131 (08.12.2009) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Y\u0131ll\u0131k Gayri Safi Yurti\u00e7i Has\u0131las\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan Afganistan, d\u00fcnyadaki 229 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lge aras\u0131nda 219. s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi g\u00fcnl\u00fck 2 dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir gelirle ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u0130LYARLAR HARCANDI <\/strong>ABD, Afganistan’da sava\u015f i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paran\u0131n y\u00fczde10’unu Afgan halk\u0131 i\u00e7in harcam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn ortada ne Taliban kal\u0131rd\u0131 ne de El Kaide. Ama demek ki, bir yerler bombalanacak ki, o bombalar\u0131 \u00fcretenler ayakta kalacak. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Obama bir yandan Afganistan’a yeni askeri birlikler g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini belirtirken, di\u011fer yandan da Afganistan’dan 2011 Temmuz’unda asker \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. Bug\u00fcn Afganistan’da 113.000 civar\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 asker var. \u015eimdi bu rakama 30.000 asker daha eklendi\u011finde Taliban’\u0131n yenilece\u011fi ve Afganistan’da g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 hesap ediliyor. Obama yan\u0131l\u0131yor. NATO kendi kurumsal tarihinin en k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 veriyor. \u0130lave askeri birliklerle Afganistan’da huzur ve istikrar\u0131n temini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil ama belki 30.000 ki\u015filik taze kuvvet 2011’de “\u015ferefli bir ricat\u0131n” ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Aral\u0131k 2009 itibariyle NATO ve ABD i\u00e7in Afganistan konusu kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan sonra, buradan en az zayiatla nas\u0131l kurtulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131 yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Britanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, 1878’de Afganistan’da ge\u00e7ici denetimi sa\u011flarken 35.000 asker kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat bu askeri mevcudiyet, 1839’dan beri devam eden direni\u015fi tamamen durdurmaya hi\u00e7bir zaman yetmedi. Britanya 1919’da Afganistan’\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabullenmek zorunda kald\u0131. BA\u015eARI \u015eANSI AZ <\/strong>Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, Babrak Karmal h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparak Afganistan’\u0131 i\u015fgal etti\u011finde, \u00fclkedeki toplam Sovyet askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en fazla 115.000 ki\u015fiye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k Sovyet i\u015fgali 1 milyondan fazla Afganl\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, helikopteri, tank\u0131 olmayan Afgan M\u00fccahitlerine kar\u015f\u0131, d\u00f6nemin en geli\u015fmi\u015f silahlar\u0131yla Sovyetlerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc asker\u00ee operasyonlar hi\u00e7bir zaman Afganistan’\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn denetlenmesine imk\u00e2n vermedi. Sonu\u00e7ta, K\u0131z\u0131lordu \u00e7ekildi, \u00f6nce M\u00fccahitler Kabil’e girdiler. Ard\u0131ndan da Taliban y\u00f6netime geldi. 100.000 ki\u015fiyi a\u015fan i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden silahl\u0131 M\u00fccahit gruplar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman 30.000’i ge\u00e7memi\u015fti. eni askeri birliklerin yollanmas\u0131yla, M.\u00d6. 4. As\u0131rda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in Afganistan seferinden bu yana en kalabal\u0131k yabanc\u0131 asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 Afganistan’da g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor olacak. Ortadan kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 Taliban ve El-Kaide unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise, Afganistan-Pakistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n her iki yan\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imde yakla\u015f\u0131k 15.000 ki\u015fiden ibaret oldu\u011fu hesap ediliyor. Ama bundan \u00f6ncekilerin ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, takviye edilmi\u015f ABD-NATO birlikleri de b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle ba\u015farmayacak. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu m\u00fccadelenin kime kar\u015f\u0131, neden ve hangi amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin m\u00fcttefikler aras\u0131nda derin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, Afganistan’\u0131n kendi etnik b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kaynaklanan \u00f6zel durumu da, Taliban’\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na almay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. M\u00fcttefikler aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne mertebede oldu\u011funu, Obama’n\u0131n ek asker talebine verilen cevaplarda g\u00f6rebiliriz. ABD 30.000 asker g\u00f6ndermekten s\u00f6z ederken, geriye kalan 26 NATO \u00fclkesinin \u00f6nerdi\u011fi yeni askeri birliklerin toplam\u0131 7.000 ki\u015fi civar\u0131nda. \u00dcstelik T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok NATO \u00fclkesi g\u00f6nderecekleri yeni birliklerin, muharip s\u0131n\u0131flardan olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131lar. NATO \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu ya nihai amac\u0131n\u0131 bilmedikleri bu m\u00fccadelede daha fazla yer almak istemiyorlar, ya da asker say\u0131s\u0131 ne olursa olsun Afganistan’da kal\u0131c\u0131 bir zafer kazanmalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndalar. Taliban’a zarar vermekle, Taliban’\u0131n daha fazla taraftar toplamas\u0131 aras\u0131nda o kadar ince bir \u00e7izgi var ki, ABD 2001 sonundan bug\u00fcne kadar, bu hassas dengeyi tutturmakta muvaffak olamad\u0131. Taliban’\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in bombalan\u0131lan her Afgan k\u00f6y\u00fc ve yol a\u00e7\u0131lan her sivil \u00f6l\u00fcm, beklenenin tam tersi bi\u00e7imde \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 yolsuzlu\u011fa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bizzat Bat\u0131l\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi Karzai H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, s\u0131rf “ehven-i \u015fer” diye desteklenmeye devam edilmesi, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ABD ve NATO’ya olan inanc\u0131n\u0131 zedeliyor. Di\u011fer taraftan, Afganistan’daki ABD Komutan\u0131 Orgeneral McChrystal’in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda, “\u00fclkenin istikrar\u0131 i\u00e7in asker\u00ee operasyonlar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde \u015feyler yap\u0131lamas\u0131” gerekti\u011fi yolundaki tespitine ra\u011fmen, ne ABD’de ne de NATO karargah\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken somut projelerle ilgili bir geli\u015fme var. \u00d6z\u00fc itibariyle askeri bir ittifak olan NATO’nun, insani yard\u0131m veya b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nma projeleriyle ilgi isteksizli\u011fini ve bilgisizli\u011fini anlay\u0131\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131lamak laz\u0131m. Ama Vietnam ve Irak tecr\u00fcbelerine sahip ABD’nin, halkta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir memnuniyete yol a\u00e7abilecek altyap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermek yerine h\u00e2l\u00e2 asker\u00ee se\u00e7enek \u00fczerinde durmas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00e7ok kolay de\u011fil. Merkezi Stockholm’da bulunan Uluslar aras\u0131 Bar\u0131\u015f \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn (SIPRI) yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2009 Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131’na g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnyada asker\u00ee alan i\u00e7in harcanan para 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1 trilyon 464 milyar dolar olarak hesap edildi. Bu rakam, bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %2,4 ve 1999’a g\u00f6re %45’lik bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ifade ediyor. Bu harcaman\u0131n %41,5’ini tek ba\u015f\u0131na ABD yapm\u0131\u015f durumda. Washington y\u00f6netiminin 2009 b\u00fct\u00e7esinde Afganistan ve Irak operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 para 175 milyar dolar olarak yer alm\u0131\u015f. Fakat ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen rakam\u0131n bunun kat be kat \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yayg\u0131n bir kanaat var. ABD Kongresince haz\u0131rlanan bir rapora g\u00f6re, Irak ve Afganistan operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ABD i\u00e7in toplam maliyeti 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 2,7 ila 4,5 trilyon dolar aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek. EN FAK\u0130RLERDEN B\u0130R\u0130 <\/strong>Sava\u015f harcamalar\u0131yla ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn bu rakamlar\u0131 neden verdim? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in ve BM’ye ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm ajanslar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k harcamalar\u0131n toplam miktar\u0131 sadece 27 milyar dolar. Yani BM, t\u00fcm insani yard\u0131mlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ABD’nin asker\u00ee alan i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k sekizde birini harc\u0131yor. Afganistan’\u0131n 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gayrisafi Yurti\u00e7i Has\u0131las\u0131, sat\u0131nalma g\u00fcc\u00fc paritesine g\u00f6re, 22,32 milyar dolar. Ama d\u00f6viz kuru dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu rakam 11,71 milyar dolar olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 milli gelir ise 800 dolar. Bu haliyle Afganistan, d\u00fcnyadaki 229 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lge aras\u0131nda 219. s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi g\u00fcnl\u00fck 2 dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir gelirle ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. ABD, Afganistan’da sava\u015f i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paran\u0131n y\u00fczde10’unu Afgan halk\u0131 i\u00e7in harcam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn ortada ne Taliban kal\u0131rd\u0131 ne de El Kaide. Ama demek ki, bir yerler bombalanacak ki, o bombalar\u0131 \u00fcretenler yani ABD’nin en \u00f6nemli ekonomik sekt\u00f6rlerinden askeri-end\u00fcstriyel kompleks ayakta kalacak. Obama’n\u0131n Afganistan’la ilgili son a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da g\u00f6steriyor ki, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmaya kimsenin niyeti yok. Bakal\u0131m ABD askerlerini “\u015ferefli” bir \u015fekilde Afganistan’dan kurtarabilecekler mi?<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Y\u0131ll\u0131k Gayri Safi Yurti\u00e7i Has\u0131las\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan Afganistan, d\u00fcnyadaki 229 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lge aras\u0131nda 219. s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi g\u00fcnl\u00fck 2 dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir gelirle ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.  M\u0130LYARLAR HARCANDI ABD, Afganistan’da sava\u015f i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paran\u0131n y\u00fczde10’unu Afgan halk\u0131 i\u00e7in harcam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn ortada ne Taliban kal\u0131rd\u0131 ne de El Kaide. Ama demek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13833,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/946\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}