{"id":928,"date":"2009-10-27T10:41:16","date_gmt":"2009-10-27T08:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=928"},"modified":"2024-03-08T09:59:21","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T06:59:21","slug":"afganistan-bir-turlu-durulmuyor-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=928","title":{"rendered":"Afganistan bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc durulmuyor (27.10.2009) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn Afganistan me\u015fruiyeti tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmete h\u00e2l\u00e2 sahip de\u011fil. \u00dclkenin bir\u00e7ok yerinde merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netimin de\u011fil, yerel g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7iyor. \u00dcstelik sekiz y\u0131l \u00f6nce devlet y\u00f6netiminden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Taliban neredeyse 2001 \u00f6ncesindekine yak\u0131n bir g\u00fcce kavu\u015fmu\u015f durumda. <\/strong>Afganistan’da ter\u00f6r ve bombalama eylemleri\u2008b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7abalara ra\u011fmen devam ediyor. Ba\u015fkent Kabil sokaklar\u0131 bile, zaman zaman bu bombalama eylemlerinden nasibini al\u0131yor. Bu patlamalarda her g\u00fcn \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor. <\/strong>El Kaide’nin 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi New York ve Washington sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ba\u015flat\u0131lan bir asker\u00ee harek\u00e2t neticesinde Afganistan’daki Taliban y\u00f6netiminin devrilmesinin \u00fczerinden sekiz y\u0131la yak\u0131n s\u00fcre ge\u00e7ti. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, \u00fclkenin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde siyasi sistem ABD’nin y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle yeniden kurguland\u0131. \u00dclkede g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uluslu bir asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 (ISAF), Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in verdi\u011fi yetkiyle \u00fclkede konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn komutas\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra NATO’ya devredildi. 1979’taki Sovyet i\u015fgalinden beri s\u00fcrekli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fayan \u00fclkenin neredeyse tamamen tahrip olmu\u015f altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden imar\u0131 i\u00e7in milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k bir fon kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat ne siyasi istikrar, ne g\u00fcvenlik, ne de ekonomik kalk\u0131nma sa\u011flanabildi. Bug\u00fcn Afganistan me\u015fruiyeti tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmete h\u00e2l\u00e2 sahip de\u011fil. \u00dclkenin bir\u00e7ok yerinde merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netimin de\u011fil, yerel g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7iyor. ERO\u0130N T\u0130CARET\u0130 <\/strong>D\u00fcnya “piyasalar\u0131na” aktar\u0131lan eroinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Afganistan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin denetim alt\u0131na almay\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda serbest\u00e7e ekilmeye devam edilen ha\u015fha\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan afyondan \u00fcretiliyor. \u00dcstelik sekiz y\u0131l \u00f6nce devlet y\u00f6netiminden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Taliban neredeyse 2001 \u00f6ncesindekine yak\u0131n bir g\u00fcce kavu\u015fmu\u015f durumda. Taliban’\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinde b\u00f6lgeden yap\u0131lan uyu\u015fturucu sevkiyat\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lan gelire ortak olu\u015fu \u00f6nemli bir etken olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Taliban’\u0131n giderek geni\u015fleyen n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde, El Kaide yeniden yap\u0131lan\u0131yor. Taliban ve El Kaide sadece Afganistan topraklar\u0131nda de\u011fil, kom\u015fu Pakistan’da da, daha \u00f6nce olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar etkili bir unsur haline geliyor. NATO’nun, Afganistan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ve Pakistan ordusunun Taliban ve El Kaide’ye kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte oldu\u011fu operasyonlardaki sivil kay\u0131plar her ge\u00e7en g\u00fc\u00e7 art\u0131yor. Gayrinizam\u00ee silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi bir y\u00f6ntem olarak benimsemi\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yar\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc ter\u00f6rist veya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi y\u00fcr\u00fcten gerilla hareketlerinin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel stratejinin ayn\u0131s\u0131 Taliban taraf\u0131ndan da uygulan\u0131yor. Artan sivil kay\u0131plar, Taliban’\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azaltm\u0131yor, tam tersine bu kay\u0131plara sebep olanlar\u0131n me\u015fruiyetini yitirmelerine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. 1960’lar\u0131n sonunda Kuzey Vietnam’da ABD u\u00e7aklar\u0131nca at\u0131lan napalm bombalar\u0131yla yak\u0131lan her k\u00f6y\u00fcn, Viet Kong’a yeni kat\u0131l\u0131mlar sa\u011flamas\u0131 gibi, NATO bombard\u0131man\u0131yla y\u0131k\u0131lan her Afgan k\u00f6y\u00fc, Taliban’a silahl\u0131 sindirme ve tehditle asla sa\u011flayamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir toplumsal deste\u011fi getiriyor. Ancak ABD deste\u011fiyle ayakta durabilen Karzai y\u00f6netimi de, g\u00f6rev alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131nda ve geleneksel g\u00f6rev tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, nihai hedefinin ne oldu\u011funu bilmeden operasyon y\u00fcr\u00fcten NATO da, bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan hatalar\u0131 telafi edecek yeni a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 pe\u015finde. Mevcut olumsuzluklar\u0131 daha da derinle\u015ftiren bir durum da, 20 A\u011fustosta yap\u0131lan Devlet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fiyaskoyla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131. \u00d6ne \u00e7\u0131kan iki aday, mevcut Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hamid Karzai ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Abdullah Abdullah ilk se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra kendilerini galip ilan etmi\u015flerdi. Fakat se\u00e7im g\u00fcn\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, ba\u015fta Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00f6zlemci, se\u00e7ime yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde hile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fclke genelinde “ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek d\u00fczeyde” usuls\u00fczl\u00fckler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlediler. Bu durumda, en \u00e7ok oyu alan iki aday olmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Karzai ve Abdullah’\u0131n yar\u0131\u015facaklar\u0131 7 Kas\u0131mdaki ikinci tur se\u00e7imde de, demokratik kurallara uygun bir s\u00fcrecin i\u015fletilebilmesi \u00e7ok uzak bir ihtimal g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. \u00dclkenin en kalabal\u0131k etnik grubu olan Pe\u015ftunlara mensup oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Karzai belki bu se\u00e7imin galibi olacak ama koltu\u011fa yeniden oturu\u015fu uzunca bir s\u00fcre daha tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak. Se\u00e7imin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu durumu, Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler nas\u0131l yorumlayacaklar bilmiyorum ama en az\u0131ndan, sadece Taliban’\u0131n evlerine hapsetmi\u015f oldu\u011fu kad\u0131nlara oy verdirilmesiyle Afganistan’a demokrasinin gelmemi\u015f oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, NATO Savunma Bakanlar\u0131 ge\u00e7en hafta cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131klar\u0131 toplant\u0131da, ISAF’a komuta eden Amerikal\u0131 Orgeneral Stanley McChrystal taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan “direni\u015f\u00e7ilerle daha etkin m\u00fccadele” plan\u0131na destek verdiler. Sekiz y\u0131ld\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen operasyonda kazan\u0131lan tecr\u00fcbeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen bu planda ula\u015f\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli tespit \u015fu: “Afganistan’daki direni\u015f sadece, Taliban militanlar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131 veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle durdurulamaz. NATO’nun asker\u00ee operasyonuyla, sivil alandaki yeniden imar ve kalk\u0131nd\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 koordine etmek suretiyle t\u00fcm Afgan toplumunu istikrara kavu\u015fturacak yeni ve kapsaml\u0131 bir stratejiye ihtiya\u00e7 var.” Peki bu nas\u0131l yap\u0131lacak? NATO Genel Sekreteri Andres Fogh Rasmussen’e g\u00f6re, “NATO b\u00f6lgeye daha fazla e\u011fitim timi g\u00f6ndermeli.” Bu ise elbette daha \u00e7ok maliyet demek. \u00dclkeye yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar\u0131n, iktidardaki belli gruplar taraf\u0131ndan ama\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015faibeleri giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lenirken, \u0130ttifak \u00fcyesi devletlerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin, k\u00fcresel ekonomik kriz ortam\u0131nda, Afganistan i\u00e7in yeni mali kaynaklar ay\u0131rmas\u0131 konusu kendi \u00fclkelerinde ciddi muhalefete sebep oluyor. Hele NATO operasyonlar\u0131ndan g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ba\u015far\u0131lar elde edilemedi\u011fi bir ortamda. 65 B\u0130N ABD ASKER\u0130 <\/strong>Son olarak, bug\u00fcn Afganistan’da yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 bin yabanc\u0131 asker g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor. Bunlar\u0131n 65 bini ABD ordusuna mensup. Fakat NATO kararg\u00e2h\u0131nda mevcut asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn, \u00fclkede hedeflenenleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc h\u00e2kim. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Obama da, g\u00f6reve geldi\u011fi g\u00fcnden beri Afganistan’daki NATO askerlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde defalarca g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirdi. M\u00fcttefikler, artan maliyetleri \u00fcstlenmek konusunda oldu\u011fu gibi, daha fazla asker g\u00f6ndermek konusunda da \u00e7ok istekli g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyorlar. Avrupa ba\u015fkentlerinde, “\u00f6nce Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6relim; daha sonra kendi katk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131z” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. NATO Afganistan konusunda bocalamaya devam ediyor. Taliban ve El Kaide ise ne yapmak istedi\u011fini ve nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi biliyor. Afganistan’da gayrinizam\u00ee bir m\u00fccadele t\u00fcm \u015fiddetiyle devam ederken, kaybeden son 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r oldu\u011fu gibi yine sivil Afgan halk\u0131 oluyor.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn Afganistan me\u015fruiyeti tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmete h\u00e2l\u00e2 sahip de\u011fil. \u00dclkenin bir\u00e7ok yerinde merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netimin de\u011fil, yerel g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7iyor. \u00dcstelik sekiz y\u0131l \u00f6nce devlet y\u00f6netiminden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Taliban neredeyse 2001 \u00f6ncesindekine yak\u0131n bir g\u00fcce kavu\u015fmu\u015f durumda. Afganistan’da ter\u00f6r ve bombalama eylemleri\u2008b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7abalara ra\u011fmen devam ediyor. Ba\u015fkent Kabil sokaklar\u0131 bile, zaman zaman bu bombalama eylemlerinden nasibini al\u0131yor. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=928"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}