{"id":885,"date":"2009-07-21T10:22:33","date_gmt":"2009-07-21T07:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=885"},"modified":"2024-03-08T10:13:24","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T07:13:24","slug":"turkiyenin-kabuk-baglamamis-yarasi-musul-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=885","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’nin kabuk ba\u011flamam\u0131\u015f yaras\u0131: Musul (21.07.2009) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

24 Temmuzda Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 86. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc kutlanacak. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra, sava\u015fan taraflar aras\u0131nda imzalan\u0131p da halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan tek uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fma olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 bile Lozan’\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nemli k\u0131l\u0131yor. Ama Lozan’\u0131n ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nleri de var. Lozan, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulu\u015f belgesi niteli\u011finde bir antla\u015fma. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, egemenli\u011fi, devletin hukuki, sosyal, siyasi ve iktisadi kompozisyonu Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve yine Lozan’da imzalanan protokol ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle \u015fekillenmi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca, 10 A\u011fustos 1920’de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne \u0130tilaf Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan empoze edilen Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n aksine, Lozan’da imzalanan t\u00fcm belgeler, T\u00fcrkiye ile muhataplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcren bir diplomasi m\u00fccadelesi sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130tilaf Devletleri, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n galibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131, Mondros’tan geldiklerini; T\u00fcrkiye ise Milli M\u00fccadele’nin galibi oldu\u011funu, Mudanya’dan geldi\u011fini ifade ederek, Lozan Konferans\u0131’nda kendi isteklerini elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. K\u0131yas\u0131ya s\u00fcren pazarl\u0131klar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, zaman zaman sert tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131. Hatta T\u00fcrk Heyeti Lozan Konferans\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan 2 ay sonra, \u015eubat 1923’te m\u00fczakere masas\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek Ankara’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nde yap\u0131lan gizli oturumlar sonucunda, Heyet 23 Nisanda tekrar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 ay daha devam eden Lozan Konferans\u0131, nihayet 24 Temmuzda Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. OLMAZSA OLMAZLAR L\u0130STES\u0130 <\/strong>Peki, Heyetimizin m\u00fczakere masas\u0131ndan kalkmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an neydi? Bunu anlamak i\u00e7in Konferans’a Heyete Meclis taraf\u0131ndan verilen 14 maddelik talimatnameye, yani “olmazsa olmazlar listesi”ne bir g\u00f6z atmakta fayda var. Sevr’i pa\u00e7avraya \u00e7evirip, tarihin \u00e7\u00f6p kovas\u0131na atma azminde olan Meclis, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne yap\u0131lan dayatmalar\u0131n tamam\u0131ndan kurtulmak istiyordu. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Ermenilere bir yurt verilmesinin asla kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, az\u0131nl\u0131klar konusunda m\u00fcbadeleye ba\u015fvurulaca\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n imparatorluktan ayr\u0131lan devletlere payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ordu ve donanmaya s\u0131n\u0131r konulmas\u0131na izin verilmeyece\u011fi, Bo\u011fazlar’da yabanc\u0131 asker\u00ee kuvvetlerin bulunmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’de faaliyet g\u00f6steren yabanc\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na uyacaklar\u0131, \u0130slam cemaat ve vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n eski anla\u015fmalara g\u00f6re sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmler talimatnamede yer ald\u0131. \u00d6te yandan talimatnamenin en \u00f6nemli iki maddesi Musul Vilayeti ve kapit\u00fclasyonlarla ilgiliydi. Buna g\u00f6re, “Kapit\u00fclasyonlar kabul edilemez oldu\u011fundan, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri kesmek gerekirse, gereken yap\u0131lacakt\u0131.” “Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7izilirken, S\u00fcleymaniye, Kerk\u00fck ve Musul livalar\u0131 istenecek; konferansta ba\u015fka bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa H\u00fck\u00fcmetten talimat al\u0131nacakt\u0131.” \u0130\u015fte bu iki maddede \u0130tilaf Devletleri’yle ya\u015fanan anla\u015fmazl\u0131k neticesinde T\u00fcrk Heyeti masadan \u00e7ekildi. MUSUL’DA M\u00dcTEREDD\u0130T D\u00d6ND\u00dcLER <\/strong>Heyet Ankara’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nde Lozan’daki gidi\u015fat\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizli oturumlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Lozan’daki durumumuzu anlamak i\u00e7in mutlaka incelenmesi gereken belgelerden biri de bu gizli oturumlar\u0131n tutanaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Burada, Kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda t\u00fcm milletvekillerinin hemfikir oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmekte, ancak ayn\u0131 kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Musul konusunda sergilenmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Mondros M\u00fctarekesi’nin 30 Ekim 1918’de imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada T\u00fcrk ordusunun denetimi alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fundan, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyecek bi\u00e7imde Misak-\u0131 Milli’ye d\u00e2hil olan Musul Vilayeti’nin mutlaka T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 savunan milletvekilleri ate\u015fli konu\u015fmalar yaparken, baz\u0131 milletvekilleri de, \u0130ngilizlerin bu konuda ne kadar \u0131srarc\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan dem vurarak, Lozan’da her istedi\u011fimizi elde etmemizin zor oldu\u011funu, Musul’da \u0131srarc\u0131 olursak \u0130ngiltere’nin sava\u015f\u0131 tekrar ba\u015flatabilece\u011fini ifade ettiler. Sonu\u00e7ta T\u00fcrk Heyeti Lozan’a, Kapit\u00fclasyonlar konusunda kararl\u0131 ama Musul konusunda m\u00fctereddit d\u00f6nd\u00fc. B\u00f6yle olunca da, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’yla Kapit\u00fclasyonlar tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, Musul sorununun halli, \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere, orada da anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamazsa, Milletler Cemiyeti Meclisi’ne b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 (Lozan Ant. Madde 3\/2). Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm asl\u0131nda Musul’un \u0130ngiltere’ye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 demekti. Zira T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00fcye olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere’nin g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde bulunan Milletler Cemiyeti’nin T\u00fcrkiye’nin lehine bir karar vermesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemezdi. \u00d6yle de oldu. \u0130ki taraf aras\u0131nda May\u0131s-Haziran 1924’te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Hali\u00e7 Konferans\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. AYAKLANMA TEZG\u00c2HLARI <\/strong>\u0130ngilizler, T\u00fcrkiye’yi bask\u0131 alt\u0131na alabilmek i\u00e7in 7 A\u011fustosta Hakk\u00e2ri’de bir Nasturi ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 ate\u015flediler. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda konu Milletler Cemiyeti’ne geldi. B\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilen bir komisyon \u0130ngiltere’nin istekleri do\u011frultusunda karar ald\u0131. Komisyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlarken Do\u011fu Anadolu’da \u015eeyh Sait ayaklanmas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ayaklanmay\u0131 bast\u0131rmakla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken, 16 Aral\u0131k 1925’te Milletler Cemiyeti, Musul’u \u0130ngiltere mandas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Irak’a b\u0131rakma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bu karar\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130ngiltere’nin tavizsiz tutumu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 5 Haziran 1926’da Ankara’da “T\u00fcrk-Irak S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve \u0130yi Kom\u015fuluk Anla\u015fmas\u0131”n\u0131 imzalamak zorunda kald\u0131. Bu anla\u015fmayla, Musul vilayeti T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rken, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 25 y\u0131l boyunca T\u00fcrkiye’ye Musul petrol gelirlerinden y\u00fczde 10’luk bir pay \u00f6denmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede 1934’ten 1954’e kadar T\u00fcrkiye’ye toplam 3.500.000 alt\u0131n sterlinlik bir \u00f6deme yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu tarihten itibaren Irak’\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demeler kesildi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.000.000 alt\u0131n sterlinlik alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 1986’ya kadar y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7elerimizin alacak kaleminde yer ald\u0131. Bu tarihte, T\u00fcrkiye kendi inisiyatifiyle, Musul petrolleri alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. B\u0130ZE A\u0130T TOPRAKLAR <\/strong>Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden 86 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen, Musul’un elden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 kabuk ba\u011flamam\u0131\u015f bir yarad\u0131r. Misak-\u0131 Milli’nin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde bu b\u00f6lgeye konu\u015flanan ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin meydana getirdi\u011fi g\u00fcvenlik tehditlerindeki art\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Ba\u011fdat y\u00f6netimince maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131lar, b\u00f6lgenin petrol zenginli\u011fine sahip olmas\u0131 gibi unsurlar Musul Vilayeti’nin, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla Irak’\u0131n Kuzeyi’nin T\u00fcrkiye’yi y\u00f6netenlerin g\u00fcndeminde her zaman yer almas\u0131na sebep oldu. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda meydana gelebilecek geli\u015fmeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Irak’\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tehlikeye girer de, \u00fclke b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye s\u00fcr\u00fcklenirse, 86 y\u0131l \u00f6nce vazge\u00e7mek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Musul Vilayetimizin gelece\u011fi ne olacakt\u0131r? Bug\u00fcn, Irak’\u0131n Kuzeyi’ne ili\u015fkin ihtimaliyat hesaplar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, Lozan Konferans\u0131’nda T\u00fcrk Heyeti’nin dile getirdi\u011fi ve bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini koruyan, “Musul’un neden T\u00fcrkiye’ye ait olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi” hakk\u0131ndaki analizler mutlaka g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak ve yar\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek i\u00e7in, tarihin vazge\u00e7ilmez bir yol g\u00f6sterici oldu\u011funun en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinden biri Musul konusudur.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

24 Temmuzda Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 86. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc kutlanacak. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra, sava\u015fan taraflar aras\u0131nda imzalan\u0131p da halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan tek uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fma olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 bile Lozan’\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nemli k\u0131l\u0131yor. Ama Lozan’\u0131n ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nleri de var. Lozan, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulu\u015f belgesi niteli\u011finde bir antla\u015fma. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, egemenli\u011fi, devletin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=885"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/885\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}