{"id":834,"date":"2009-03-24T09:48:29","date_gmt":"2009-03-24T07:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=834"},"modified":"2024-03-08T10:39:37","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T07:39:37","slug":"darwin-ve-uluslararasi-iliskiler-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=834","title":{"rendered":"Darwin ve uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler (24.03.2009) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Emperyalistlerin, Afrika ve Uzak Asya’n\u0131n tabii kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmak i\u00e7in s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirme faaliyetlerinin gerisinde Sosyal Darwinizm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yatmaktayd\u0131<\/strong>  Charles Darwin’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden etkilenip “ar\u00ee Alman \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 Yahudilerden ar\u0131nd\u0131rma” plan\u0131 yapan Almanya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Adolf Hitler’in kurdu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00fcm fabrikalar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan <\/strong>i\u015f\u00e7iler. Son iki haftad\u0131r medyada yer alan ate\u015fli konulardan biri, evrim teorisini ortaya atan Charles Darwin’in 200. do\u011fum y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00dcB\u0130TAK’\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bilim ve Teknik dergisinde de kutlan\u0131p kutlanmamas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma etraf\u0131ndan, zaten “entelekt\u00fcellerimizin” \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fl\u0131k \/ \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k; laiklik \/ antilaiklik s\u0131n\u0131flamalar\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda periyodik olarak m\u00fcracaat ettikleri Darwin’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin m\u00fcspet-menfi tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 da yo\u011fun \u015fekilde yap\u0131ld\u0131. R\u00f6nesans ve Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6nemi bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Kilise dogmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6vg\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131layan ama ard\u0131ndan da bilim ad\u0131na kendi dogmalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan; bunlar\u0131 sorgulayanlar\u0131 Kilise’nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na benzer \u015fekilde engizisyona g\u00f6nderip, aforoz etmeye pek merakl\u0131 ama \u00e7a\u011fa ayak uyduramayan bu entelekt\u00fcel zevat\u0131n, bizatihi iman ettikleri Darwin’in “uyum sa\u011flayan hayat\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirir” ilkesi gere\u011fince bir s\u00fcredir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda “tabii seleksiyona” u\u011framakta olduklar\u0131 pek a\u015fik\u00e2r. Nitekim, kendilerini sadece bilimsel geli\u015fmeye vakfetmi\u015f insanlar, d\u00fcnyada bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin h\u0131zla yenilendi\u011fini, hi\u00e7bir teorinin sonsuza kadar ge\u00e7erli, aksi ispat edilemez kurallar i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini \/ i\u00e7eremeyece\u011fini dile getiriyorlar. Ama ideolojilerin esiri olmu\u015f ve kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kuma g\u00f6mm\u00fc\u015f olanlar ise “d\u00fcnya d\u00fczd\u00fcr” diye \u0131srar eden Kilise himayesindeki s\u00f6zde bilim adamlar\u0131 gibi as\u0131rl\u0131k teorilere tap\u0131nmaya devam ediyorlar. \u0130deolojik tart\u0131\u015fmalara gireceklerine laboratuarlara girseler de memleket i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 olmazsa birka\u00e7 bulu\u015f yapsalar, birka\u00e7 patent kazansalar daha iyi olmaz m\u0131? Ku\u015fkusuz daha iyi olur da, malum, bunlar i\u00e7in al\u0131n teri d\u00f6kmek gerekiyor. Papa\u011fan gibi ideolojik sloganlar\u0131 tekrarlamak ise bedava. S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130N TEMEL\u0130<\/strong> \u015eimdi Darwin’in canl\u0131lar\u0131n nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bug\u00fcne geldiklerine dair s\u00f6ylediklerini bir kenara b\u0131rakal\u0131m da, bunlar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakal\u0131m. “Darwin’le d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n ne ilgisi var?” dedi\u011finizi duyar gibi oluyorum. Halbuki Darwin’i sevenlerin en \u00e7ok bulundu\u011fu, onun “ilkeleri”ne en fazla referans verilen yerlerden biri d\u0131\u015f politika alan\u0131. Bilhassa 19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l emperyalistleri, Afrika ve Uzak Asya’y\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgelerin tabii kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmak ve kendi mamul maddeleri i\u00e7in pazar a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in s\u00f6m\u00fcr- gele\u015ftirirken felsefi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rma arac\u0131 olarak en fazla Darwin’in tabii seleksiyon d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunlara “Sosyal (i\u00e7timai) Darwinistler” deniliyor. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n birbirleriyle e\u015fit olmad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi tarih boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama 19. asr\u0131n pozitivist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri buna bilimsel dayanaklar \u00fcretme pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Frans\u0131z Arthur Gobineau 1853’te kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalede insanlar\u0131n geli\u015f- mi\u015fli\u011finin tamamen \u0131rklar\u0131yla ilgili oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Gobineau’nun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini, 1857’de \u0130ngiliz felsefeci Herbert Spencer Tekam\u00fcl: Kaide ve Sebepler adl\u0131 eserinde n\u00fcfusbilimci Malthus’un -bug\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini kaybeden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce-lerinden ilham alarak daha da ileri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Ku\u015fkusuz, Darwin T\u00fcrlerin K\u00f6keni adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 bas\u0131p da, tabii seleksiyondan bahsedince, zay\u0131f insanlar\u0131n kuvvetliler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yok olmaya mahk\u00fbm olduklar\u0131 inanc\u0131 s\u00fcratle g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. Darwin’in kuzeni Francis Galton “daha temiz ve saf bir insan nesli i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri” ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00f6jenik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flatarak Spencer ve Darwin’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini daha da geli\u015ftirdi. Oscar Schmidt, Emile Gautier ve Richard Hofstadter gibi yazarlar Sosyal Darwinizmin Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131nda ve Amerika’da tan\u0131nmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Sosyal Darwinizm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini benimseyenler, “insanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011ferlerinden daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bunlar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f bir medeniyet kurmalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcstelik temiz \u0131rklar\u0131 da zehirlediklerini” ileri s\u00fcren kitaplar yazd\u0131lar. Bat\u0131 Avrupa’da Fa\u015fizmin ve Nazizmin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve politikalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Sosyal Darwinist yazarlar\u0131n s\u00f6zde bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle s\u00fcslendi. Mesela Darwin’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini Almanya’ya ta\u015f\u0131yan Ernst Haeckel, Adolf Hitler’in “ar\u00ee Alman \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 asalak Yahudilerden ar\u0131nd\u0131rma” plan\u0131na ilham verdi. Yani Sosyal Darwinizm Almanlar\u0131n Yahudi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinin arkas\u0131ndaki temel inan\u00e7 sistemiydi. ABD’de ise \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f’\u0131n ard\u0131ndan k\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen neredeyse bir as\u0131r daha beyaz olmayanlara yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gerisinde Sosyal Darwinistlerin bilim ve politika alan\u0131ndaki s\u00f6ylemleri yatmaktayd\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, Sosyal Darwinizm emperyalizmin de itici g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri oldu. Bat\u0131 uluslar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geri kalm\u0131\u015f Afrika ve Asya halklar\u0131n\u0131n zenginliklerinin ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131n\u0131 “e\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131 gere\u011fi” ve bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin de destekledi\u011fi bir fiil oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen emperyalistler, t\u00fcm Afrika’y\u0131 ve Asya’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc pervas\u0131zca parsellediler. Krali\u00e7e Victoria d\u00f6neminde “\u00fczerinde g\u00fcne\u015f batmayan bir imparatorluk” kurmaya hevesli \u0130ngiliz emperyalistleri, bir yandan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u00e2kim g\u00fcc\u00fc olan Britanya’n\u0131n di\u011fer t\u00fcm halklar\u0131 itaat ettirmesinin tabii oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor, di\u011fer yandan da Rudyard Kipling’in 1899’da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Beyaz Adam’\u0131n Y\u00fck\u00fc” (White Man’s Burden) \u015fiirinde s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi, “vah\u015fi ve geri kalm\u0131\u015f insanlara medeniyet g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini” iddia ediyorlard\u0131. \u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z EMPERYAL\u0130ZM\u0130<\/strong>\u0130\u015fte Beyaz Adam’\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131ndaki y\u00fck buydu: Vah\u015filere medeniyet g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek! Hem yaz-k\u0131\u015f hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 28-30 derece oldu\u011fu Hindistan’da, Kenya’da, Singapur’da insanlar ceket, pantolon, kravat giyemeseler \u0130ngiltere’deki tekstil fabrikalar\u0131 nas\u0131l para kazanacakt\u0131? Tam da bu y\u00fczden, medeniyet g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek, Beyaz Adam’\u0131n boynunun borcuydu! Gandhi, “Ceket ve pantolonlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yak\u0131n. \u0130ngiliz kuma\u015f\u0131 giymeyin” dedi\u011finde onu dinleyen milyonlar sadece bu sahte medeniyet g\u00f6stergelerini de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Sosyal Darwinizm’den beslenen \u0130ngiliz emperyalizmini de yok ettiler. Charles Darwin’in, do\u011fumunu bo\u015f verin, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinden 127 sene ge\u00e7mi\u015f. Sosyal Darwinistlerin uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7abalar\u0131 halen devam etmiyor mu? Medeniyetler aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu ve geli\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131 medeniyetinin barbar kavimlerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden Samuel Huntington tam bir Sosyal Darwinist de\u011fil miydi? Ya da, k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeyi, Bat\u0131’n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurmas\u0131na indirgeyen Francis Fukuyama? Bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve ABD de\u011ferlerini, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en m\u00fctek\u00e2mil de\u011ferler sistemi olarak sunan ve gerekirse zor kullanarak bunlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerine yaymay\u0131 hedefleyenler Sosyal Darwinizmin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki temsilcileri de\u011filler mi? \u0130ster Sosyal Darwinizmi, ister kula\u011fa daha ho\u015f gelen yeni politika ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullans\u0131nlar 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerinin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan daha tabii ne olabilir? Tuhaf olan, onlar\u0131n “geri kalm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z; kendinizi bizim ilkelerimiz ve de\u011ferleriniz do\u011frultusunda yeniden \u015fekillendirin” y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki telkinlerine, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k komplesi i\u00e7inde tam bir arz-\u0131 ubudiyetle riayet edenler; ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n laboratuarlarda \u00fcretip, b\u00fcnyelerine zerk etti\u011fi hastal\u0131klara, yine ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “re\u00e7etelere” sar\u0131larak \u00e7are bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar. Tuhaf olan, kendilerini unutan, tarihlerine ve geleceklerine yabanc\u0131la\u015fanlar.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emperyalistlerin, Afrika ve Uzak Asya’n\u0131n tabii kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmak i\u00e7in s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirme faaliyetlerinin gerisinde Sosyal Darwinizm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yatmaktayd\u0131  Charles Darwin’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden etkilenip “ar\u00ee Alman \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 Yahudilerden ar\u0131nd\u0131rma” plan\u0131 yapan Almanya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Adolf Hitler’in kurdu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00fcm fabrikalar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler. Son iki haftad\u0131r medyada yer alan ate\u015fli konulardan biri, evrim teorisini ortaya atan Charles Darwin’in 200. do\u011fum […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13919,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=834"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}