T\u00fcrkiye’nin F-35 sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 projesinden, Rusya’dan S-400 hava savunma sistemlerini almas\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda savunma sanayii \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin al\u0131m\u0131 ve transferi konusunda ya\u015fanan ilk problem de\u011fil. Bug\u00fcn de F-16 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7’in NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fine ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ABD ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda, 1830’da imzalanan Ticaret ve Seyr\u00fcsefain Antla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan bu yana silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 hep tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015ftu. Bu bazen, ABD yap\u0131m\u0131 sava\u015f gemilerinin T\u00fcrkiye’ye sat\u0131lmamas\u0131, bazen T\u00fcrkiye’ye silah ambargosu uygulanmas\u0131, bazen de ABD silahlar\u0131n\u0131n transferinin \u015farta ba\u011flanmas\u0131 \u015feklinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, Truman Doktrini’nin ilan\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak T\u00fcrkiye’ye yap\u0131lan silah transferlerinin ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hukuki zeminini olu\u015fturan 12 Temmuz 1947 tarihli T\u00fcrkiye’ye Yap\u0131lacak Yard\u0131m Hakk\u0131nda Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n ikinci maddesinde, ABD taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye’ye verilecek asker\u00ee yard\u0131mlar\u0131n “T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan, tahsis edilmi\u015f bulundu\u011fu gayeler u\u011frunda kullanaca\u011f\u0131” ifadesi yer almaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fman\u0131n giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, ikinci maddede ge\u00e7en “tahsis gayeleri”, “T\u00fcrkiye’nin h\u00fcrriyetini ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in ihtiyac\u0131 olan g\u00fcvenlik kuvvetlerinin takviyesini temin ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ekonomisinin istikrar\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza” olarak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin antla\u015fmalardan kaynaklanan garant\u00f6rl\u00fck hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrklerini korumak i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131’n\u0131 takiben, bu maddeyi ihlal etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle ABD T\u00fcrkiye’ye silah ambargosu uygulama karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira ABD’ye g\u00f6re, Amerikan silahlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’ye sadece kendisini savunmas\u0131 veya NATO ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda verilen rol\u00fc oynamas\u0131 i\u00e7in verilmi\u015ftir. ABD, K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrklerinin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Silah ambargosunun gerek\u00e7esi, bizi ABD’nin ger\u00e7ekte hangi sebeplerle baz\u0131 \u00fclkelere asker\u00ee yard\u0131mlar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da silah satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk etmelidir.<\/p>\n
1960’lardan ba\u015flayarak D\u0131\u015f Asker\u00ee Sat\u0131\u015flar Kanunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde di\u011fer \u00fclkelere silah verirken ABD asl\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 temel gayeye ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Birincisi, m\u00fcttefik bir \u00fclkenin ordusunun ABD’nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda hareket etmesini temin etmektir. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda bu \u00f6zellikle ABD ile SSCB aras\u0131ndaki muhtemel bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada, ABD ile NATO veya SEATO \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fcttefik olan \u00fclkelerin sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir arac\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kincisi, m\u00fcttefik veya tarafs\u0131z bir \u00fclkenin savunma sanayii a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ABD’ye olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir. ABD, m\u00fcttefik dahi olsalar ba\u015fka devletlerin mill\u00ee savunma sanayilerini geli\u015ftirmesine oldu\u011fu kadar kendisinin onay vermedi\u011fi \u00fclkelerden silah almas\u0131na da so\u011fuk yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Washington, o \u00fclkenin kendi kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ABD \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyen eylem ve davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 asla istememi\u015ftir. ABD, savunma sanayii ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da do\u011furdu\u011funun fark\u0131ndad\u0131r. Buna paralel olarak, silah sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131nda yetkiye sahip olan ABD yasama organ\u0131nda m\u00fcessir olan bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131 da, iltisakl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korurlarken silah sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 konusunu bir ara\u00e7 olarak m\u00fctemadiyen kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, ABD asker\u00ee ili\u015fkiler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede do\u011frudan kendisiyle temas h\u00e2linde olan “ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131” bir z\u00fcmre olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu z\u00fcmrenin ABD’nin siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda hareket etmesini temin etmek i\u00e7in yo\u011fun gayret sarf etmi\u015ftir. D\u0131\u015f Asker\u00ee Yard\u0131mlar program\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan, IMET (International Military Education and Training \/ Uluslararas\u0131 Asker\u00ee E\u011fitim ve Yeti\u015ftirme) projesinin hedeflerini ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Pentagon) \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralamaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
“Gelece\u011fin liderlerini yeti\u015ftirmek; ABD’nin daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek; gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik ittifaklar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in ABD ordusu ile \u00fclkenin ordusu aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurmak…”<\/p>\n
ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bahsetti\u011fi “gelece\u011fin liderlerinin”, ABD’den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, sadece kendi \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen liderler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 izahtan varestedir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de, ABD’nin silah sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 veya hibesiyle ilgili yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayn\u0131 esaslar \u00fczerinde s\u00fcrmektedir. 1947 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ikinci maddesinde yer alan “h\u00fcrriyetin ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131” gayesi, ancak ve ancak ABD’nin k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel stratejik \u00f6ncelikleriyle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fcddet\u00e7e ge\u00e7erlidir. Aksi s\u00f6z konusu olsa, T\u00fcrkiye’nin en fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu zamanda ABD yap\u0131m\u0131 hava savunma sistemleri almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz, ate\u015f \u00e7emberine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f bir co\u011frafyada “h\u00fcrriyetini ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m” korumaktan ba\u015fka bir gayesi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde F-35 veya F-16 sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoku\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fclmezdi.<\/p>\n
Silah ya da savunma sanayii te\u00e7hizat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 ABD i\u00e7in asker\u00ee olmaktan ziyade siyasi bir konu olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Elbette bu tutum, ba\u015fka \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Hi\u00e7bir \u00fclke sadece para kazanmak i\u00e7in bir di\u011ferine silah satmaz. Bunu dikkate alarak, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u0131\u015f politika takip edebilmenin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6n \u015fartlar\u0131ndan birinin, mill\u00ee savunma sanayii geli\u015ftirmek ve tedarik kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 -\u00f6nceliklerimiz do\u011frultusunda- m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmek oldu\u011funu katiyen akl\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131karmamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye’nin F-35 sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 projesinden, Rusya’dan S-400 hava savunma sistemlerini almas\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda savunma sanayii \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin al\u0131m\u0131 ve transferi konusunda ya\u015fanan ilk problem de\u011fil. Bug\u00fcn de F-16 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7’in NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fine ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ABD ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda, 1830’da imzalanan Ticaret ve Seyr\u00fcsefain Antla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan bu yana silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 hep tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015ftu. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":11612,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7655"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7655\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}