D\u0131\u015f Politika ve Co\u011frafya<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015funun 100. y\u0131l\u0131 sebebiyle, T\u00fcrkiye’nin 1923’den bug\u00fcne farkl\u0131 alanlarda katetti\u011fi mesafelerin de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilimsel toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenleniyor. Ele al\u0131nan alanlardan biri de d\u0131\u015f politika.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f politikam\u0131z\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren uzmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir husus T\u00fcrkiye’nin uluslararas\u0131 alandaki hareket tarz\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen farkl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu. Bu unsurlar yap\u0131sal ve de\u011fi\u015fken olarak iki kategoride s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Yap\u0131sal unsurlar aras\u0131nda, tarih, demografik yap\u0131, co\u011frafya ve y\u00f6netim \u015fekli say\u0131l\u0131rken de\u011fi\u015fken unsurlar ise k\u00fcresel seviyede meydana gelen d\u00f6nemsel dalgalanmalarla ili\u015fkilendiriliyor. Di\u011ferlerinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na girmeden, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131mda d\u0131\u015f politika-co\u011frafya ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde nas\u0131l okunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Klasik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsemi\u015f hemen hemen t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler uzmanlar\u0131, ibn-i Haldun’dan bu yana dile getirilen “co\u011frafya bir milletin kaderini belirler” arg\u00fcman\u0131na referans verirler. Ben de bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. Fakat bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda co\u011frafyay\u0131 bundan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde oldu\u011fundan farkl\u0131 anlamland\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n
Co\u011frafya denilince ilk akla gelen fiziki konumdur. Bir \u00fclkenin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n neresinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. Denize hi\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmayan bir \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131yla, bir ada devletininkinin ayn\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Denize kapal\u0131 bir \u00fclkenin -en basit anlat\u0131mla- kara sular\u0131, k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge vb. deniz hukukuyla ilgili konularda aktif bir siyaset izlemesi beklenemez. Di\u011fer yandan co\u011frafyay\u0131 siyasi manas\u0131yla da ele almak gerekir. Devletin hangi k\u0131tada bulundu\u011fu, ka\u00e7 kom\u015fusunun oldu\u011fu, kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n durumu, ticaret yollar\u0131na ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131na yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hususlar d\u0131\u015f politika analizi yap\u0131l\u0131rken mutlaka dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. Bunlara ek olarak bir \u00fclkenin topo\u011frafyas\u0131 da savunma ve d\u0131\u015f politika konular\u0131yla ilintilidir. \u00dclkenin da\u011fl\u0131k m\u0131, d\u00fczl\u00fck m\u00fc oldu\u011fu, k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu, \u00e7\u00f6llerin, batakl\u0131klar\u0131n, g\u00f6llerin, buzullar\u0131n kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan gibi konular do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u0131\u015f politikayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretilmesinde ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde, \u00fclkenin Balkanlar, Karadeniz, Kafkasya, Orta Do\u011fu, Akdeniz alt sistemlerinin kesi\u015fti\u011fi noktada, Avrupa ile Asya aras\u0131ndaki konumu son derece belirleyicidir. Tarih boyunca g\u00f6\u00e7 ve ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde bulunan T\u00fcrkiye, ayn\u0131 zamanda H\u0131ristiyan ve \u0130slam \u00e2lemlerinin, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 bloklar\u0131n\u0131n, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015f Kuzey ve geli\u015fmekte olan G\u00fcney’in, yeni So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde de Avro-Atlantik Bloku ile ona meydan okuyan y\u00fckselen Asya devletlerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma hatt\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel gerilimlerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgede bulunmas\u0131 T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131 da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck, dengecilik, ihtiyatl\u0131l\u0131k, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ve \u00f6n al\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gibi kavramlar\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ek olarak co\u011frafyan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikaya ne kadar tesir etti\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken art\u0131k en az \u00fc\u00e7 alt ba\u015fl\u0131k daha a\u00e7mak gerekiyor. Bunlar iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, tabii afetler ve g\u00f6\u00e7 konular\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131 bilhassa son d\u00f6nemde bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnden de do\u011frudan etkilenmektedir. T\u0131pk\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’nin yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki konumunun de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 gibi, bu \u00fc\u00e7 konunun k\u00f6k sebeplerinin sadece T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7abalar\u0131yla giderilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politikam\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131sal belirleyicileri aras\u0131nda zikretmek elzemdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma zirai \u00fcretimi olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemekte, su problemini derinle\u015ftirmekte, i\u00e7eride ve devletler aras\u0131 s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmenin sebepleri aras\u0131na d\u00e2hil olmaktad\u0131r. Tabii afetler, bir yandan devletlerin ekonomilerini ve sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zedelerken, di\u011fer yandan da d\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli sebeplerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7ler \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclkenin siyasi istikrar\u0131n\u0131 bozmakta ve d\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131n\u0131n seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, co\u011frafya T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in riskler do\u011furdu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f birli\u011fi imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 da meydana getirmektedir. Ge\u00e7en hafta tabii afetlerin T\u00fcrkiye’nin uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f birliklerini ne y\u00f6nde etkileyebilece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve g\u00f6\u00e7 de ba\u015fta BM olmak \u00fczere k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel platformlarda T\u00fcrkiye’nin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00f6nc\u00fc rol\u00fcn\u00fc peki\u015ftirebilecek konular aras\u0131nda say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u0131kar m\u00fccadelesinin ivme kazanmas\u0131na ve bir noktada -ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fananlardan daha tahripk\u00e2r- bir hesapla\u015fmaya sahne olaca\u011f\u0131na emin olabilirsiniz. Bu t\u0131rmanma s\u00fcrecinde ve nihai boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u015fmede, fiziki ve jeopolitik konumlar\u0131n\u0131n sunduklar\u0131n\u0131 avantaja \u00e7evirmeye muktedir olan devletler daha az zarar g\u00f6recektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u0131\u015f Politika ve Co\u011frafya Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015funun 100. y\u0131l\u0131 sebebiyle, T\u00fcrkiye’nin 1923’den bug\u00fcne farkl\u0131 alanlarda katetti\u011fi mesafelerin de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilimsel toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenleniyor. Ele al\u0131nan alanlardan biri de d\u0131\u015f politika. D\u0131\u015f politikam\u0131z\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren uzmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir husus T\u00fcrkiye’nin uluslararas\u0131 alandaki hareket tarz\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen farkl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu. Bu unsurlar yap\u0131sal ve de\u011fi\u015fken olarak iki kategoride s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":11778,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7061"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7061\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}