{"id":6397,"date":"2022-12-25T09:26:34","date_gmt":"2022-12-25T06:26:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=6397"},"modified":"2024-03-06T15:31:44","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T12:31:44","slug":"abdnin-ulusal-guvenlik-stratejisi-turkiye-gazetesi25-12-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=6397","title":{"rendered":"ABD’nin Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Stratejisi – T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi (25.12.2022)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
K\u00fcresel g\u00fcndem toz duman i\u00e7inde. Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n \u00f6nem s\u0131ralamalar\u0131 belki de son 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r hi\u00e7 b\u00f6yle h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015fti. Strateji uzmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7mekte oldu\u011fumuz d\u00f6neme, “\u00e7oklu-kriz \/ polikriz” d\u00f6nemi ad\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Sahiden de pandeminin etkileri hen\u00fcz devam ederken Rusya-Ukrayna krizi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131verdi. Onun tetikledi\u011fi g\u0131da ve enerji istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. \u00c7in’in ABD ile rekabeti giderek asker\u00ee bir nitelik almaya ba\u015flarken, Hint-Pasifik alan\u0131nda yeni ittifaklar y\u00fckseliyor. Sis perdesi kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rken, kimse gelece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6remiyor.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir manzara varken ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Biden \u00fclkesinin 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Stratejisini ilan etti. Ekim ay\u0131nda kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lan bu belge bir yandan ABD’deki ara se\u00e7imlerin, di\u011fer yandan da Ukrayna geli\u015fmelerinin g\u00f6lgesinde kald\u0131. Hem d\u00fcnya hem de b\u00f6lgemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli etkileri olabilecek bu stratejiyi ana hatlar\u0131yla incelemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Esasen 1990’lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan bu yana ABD’nin ulusal g\u00fcvenlik stratejilerinde hep ayn\u0131 tema i\u015fleniyor: “K\u00fcreselle\u015fme ABD’nin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nad\u0131r ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 olan revizyonist devletler durdurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.” Bu tema s\u00fcreklilik arz ederken, y\u00f6netimde Cumhuriyet\u00e7i mi yoksa Demokrat m\u0131 bir ba\u015fkan oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fekilde, y\u00f6ntemde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i ba\u015fkanlar daha tek ba\u015fl\u0131 ve asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan bir retorik tuttururlarken, Demokratlar ise \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 i\u015f birliklerinden, ittifaklar\u0131n \u00f6neminden ve yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131ndan dem vuruyorlar. Biden’\u0131n stratejisinde de bu kural de\u011fi\u015fmiyor.<\/p>\n

2022 Stratejisi \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir tespitle ba\u015fl\u0131yor: “ABD ve d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in belirleyici olacak bir on y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nday\u0131z.” Ard\u0131ndan bir tespitle daha devam ediyor: “So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nem kesinlikle sona ermi\u015ftir. Bundan sonra olacaklar\u0131 \u015fekillendirmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda bir rekabet ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.” ABD’ye g\u00f6re “b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin birbirleriyle rekabeti s\u00fcrerken, s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan \u00f6zelliklere sahip iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, g\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, ter\u00f6rizm, enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n eksikli\u011fi ve enflasyon gibi problemlerin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecektir.”<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha istikrars\u0131z ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi bir ortamda, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kararl\u0131 bir Amerikan liderli\u011fine d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu tezinin savunuldu\u011fu stratejide, ABD’nin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devleti oldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7iziliyor. Stratejiye g\u00f6re ABD’nin ekonomisi, n\u00fcfusu, inovasyon yetene\u011fi ve asker\u00ee kapasitesi her g\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcrken, Amerika’n\u0131n liderli\u011finin<\/p>\n

en \u00f6nemli kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise “miras kalan ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7ler” olu\u015fturuyor. Kimsenin “boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u015femeyece\u011fi” bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler, “\u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k, Amerikan halk\u0131n\u0131n kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Amerikan de\u011ferleri, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, demokratik kurumlar, teknolojik liderlik, ekonomik dinamizm, Amerikan diplomatlar\u0131, kalk\u0131nma profesyonelleri, istihbarat toplulu\u011fu ve ordu” olarak s\u0131ralan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Neredeyse kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu yana Amerikan ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli diri tuttu\u011fu “bilindik hik\u00e2yeyi” Biden da tekrar ediyor: “D\u00fcnya demokrasilerle otokrasiler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. ABD demokrasilerin lideridir.” Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, “ABD kadim tiranl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 Bat\u0131 yar\u0131k\u00fcresinin taze demokrasilerinin yan\u0131ndad\u0131r” diyen James Monroe’da da, “esir halklar-h\u00fcr d\u00fcnya” ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapan Dvvight Eisenhovver’da da, “Liberal demokrasiler – \u015feytan imparatorlu\u011fu” kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapan Ronald Reagan’da da, “iyilik g\u00fc\u00e7leri – \u015fer ekseni” kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 literat\u00fcre kazand\u0131ran George W. Bush’da da vard\u0131. Yani, “bir yanda k\u00f6t\u00fc k\u0131z\u0131lderililer, di\u011fer yanda kahraman kovboylar” yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ABD’nin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 “siyah-beyaz” g\u00f6rme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, “ya benimlesin, ya kar\u015f\u0131mdas\u0131n” pervas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar ge\u00e7se de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

“Uluslararas\u0131 hukuku hi\u00e7e sayan ve sald\u0131rgan” Rusya ile, ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sinsice kullanarak d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan \u00c7in’in Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na tehdit olu\u015fturduklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi strateji, ABD’nin k\u00fcresel siyasetteki amac\u0131n\u0131 “\u00f6zg\u00fcr, a\u00e7\u0131k, m\u00fcreffeh ve g\u00fcvenli bir uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczen kurmak” olarak aktar\u0131yor. Bu hedefe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, Amerika’n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ve n\u00fcfuzunun ara\u00e7lar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejide; ortak tehditlerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilmek i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en geni\u015f ittifak ve i\u015f birli\u011fi a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 ve ordunun b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerle stratejik rekabeti dikkate alarak kuvvetlendirilece\u011fi de ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Biden stratejisini alt\u0131 “temel s\u00fctuna” dayand\u0131r\u0131yor: 1) D\u0131\u015f \/ \u0130\u00e7 politika ayr\u0131m\u0131 yoktur; 2) \u0130ttifaklar ve ortakl\u0131klar \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir;<\/p>\n

3) \u00c7in en \u00f6nde gelen jeopolitik rakiptir; 4) D\u00fcnyay\u0131 stratejik rekabet prizmas\u0131ndan g\u00f6rmeyece\u011fiz, her \u00fclkeye kendi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek davranaca\u011f\u0131z;<\/p>\n

5) K\u00fcreselle\u015fme Amerikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in f\u0131rsatlar ve tehditler sunmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor; 6) BM’nin yeni d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re reforme edilmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bundan \u00f6ncekiler gibi bu stratejinin de en b\u00fcy\u00fck zaaf\u0131, “Bat\u0131l\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin” m\u00fctecanis bir b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2linde, ABD’nin liderli\u011fini “g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc” olarak kabul ettiklerine “iman” etmi\u015f olu\u015fu. Bu zaaf da beraberinde, yanl\u0131\u015f hesaplar\u0131 ve ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan hedefleri getiriyor. Milyarlarca insan\u0131n Va\u015fington’un samimiyetinden duyduklar\u0131 ku\u015fkular da cabas\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fcresel g\u00fcndem toz duman i\u00e7inde. Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n \u00f6nem s\u0131ralamalar\u0131 belki de son 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r hi\u00e7 b\u00f6yle h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015fti. Strateji uzmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7mekte oldu\u011fumuz d\u00f6neme, “\u00e7oklu-kriz \/ polikriz” d\u00f6nemi ad\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Sahiden de pandeminin etkileri hen\u00fcz devam ederken Rusya-Ukrayna krizi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131verdi. Onun tetikledi\u011fi g\u0131da ve enerji istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. \u00c7in’in ABD ile rekabeti […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11848,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[37],"class_list":["post-6397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-37"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6397\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}