Alman co\u011frafyas\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca din\u00ee, siyasi ve ekonomik olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bilahare Prusya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 alacak Brandenburg B\u00fcy\u00fck’ D\u00fckal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Habsburg Avusturya’s\u0131n\u0131n lideri oldu\u011fu Kutsal Roma Germen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda me\u015fhur Alman \u0130kili\u011fi (d\u00fcalizmi) modern \u00e7a\u011flarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 30 y\u0131l sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda bug\u00fcn Almanya dedi\u011fimiz co\u011frafyada 300’den fazla h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k vard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n y\u00f6neticilerinin kimileri kral, kimileri d\u00fck, kimileri prens unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 Papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ederken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 “laik” bir tutum i\u00e7indeydiler. Almanya co\u011frafyas\u0131na seyahat edenler onlarca ayr\u0131 devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mek zorunda kal\u0131yordu. Bu durum ticareti de zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bizim daha \u00e7ok Grimm Karde\u015flerin Masallar\u0131 olarak bildi\u011fimiz Alman \u00e7ocuk hik\u00e2yelerinde, “her k\u00f6\u015fe ba\u015f\u0131ndan bir prens \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n” sebebi budur.<\/p>\n
Alman tarih\u00e7iler bu siyasi “ufalanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131”, ancak m\u00fcstehzi bir ifadeyle okudu\u011funuzda ger\u00e7ek manas\u0131n\u0131 idrak edebilece\u011fimiz kleinstaaterei kelimesiyle niteliyorlar. Kelimeyi “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devletlilik” \u015feklinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Almanlar ufalanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131ktan kurtulmay\u0131 iki ki\u015fiye bor\u00e7lular. Biri Napoleon. “D\u00fcnya iki imparatora fazla gelir” diyen \u0130mparator KorsikalI Bonaparte, 1806’da Kutsal Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fumu feshederek, y\u00fczlerce Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 iki d\u00fczineye kadar indirdi. Ren Konfederasyonu i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen bu devlet\u00e7ikleri 1871’de Almanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir araya getiren kurucu lider ise Otto von Bismarck oldu. Bismarck, sava\u015fta galip gelmesine ra\u011fmen Avusturya’y\u0131 Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa d\u00e2hil etmemeyi, bu devlet ile ittifak i\u00e7inde kalmay\u0131 tercih etti. Bu iki imparatorluk, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra imzalanan antla\u015fmalarla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Almanya ile Avusturya tarihte ilk ve son kez Hitler taraf\u0131ndan 1936’da birle\u015ftirildi. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra Almanya ve Avusturya i\u015fgale u\u011frad\u0131. \u0130ki devletin birle\u015fmesi sonland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Almanya ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Avusturya ise “daim\u00ee tarafs\u0131z” stat\u00fcye sokuldu. Sava\u015f\u0131n galipleri bu d\u00fczenlemeleri yaparken, her iki taraf\u0131n da \u00fcniter devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 kurmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f bittikten sonra da federal d\u00fczen devam etti. Bug\u00fcn Almanya’da 16, Avusturya da ise 9 eyalet bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
Bu uzun giri\u015fin sebebi, \u00e7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc Alman polisinin e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok say\u0131da adrese bask\u0131n yapmas\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6kertilen Reich’\u0131n Vatanda\u015flar\u0131 (Reichsb\u00fcrger) adl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn Almanya’da “ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir darbe” yapmas\u0131n\u0131n zaten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7indi. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ismindeki “Reich” kelimesi 1871’de kurulan Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu veya Hitler Almanya’s\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. Almancada “diyar”, “y\u00f6re”, “alan”, “memleket” anlamlar\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n
Avusturya Devleti’nin Almanca isminin de \u00d6stterreich (Do\u011fu Diyar\u0131) oldu\u011funu unutmayal\u0131m. Reichsb\u00fcrger Hareketi ad\u0131yla da bilinen \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6kleri 1985’e kadar geriye gidiyor. “Neo-nazilerden bile daha \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131” olmakla tan\u0131nan \u00f6rg\u00fct, Hitler d\u00f6nemi Almanya’s\u0131n\u0131, yani bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Almanya ve Avusturya’y\u0131 kapsayan alan\u0131, Alman Diyar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n 25.000 ki\u015fi kadar oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f gruplar yer al\u0131yor. Bu gruplardan t\u00fcm\u00fc Almanya’n\u0131n federal stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yok edilmesini istiyor. Gruplar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise, federal d\u00fczenin yerine me\u015fruti monar\u015fi getirmeyi planl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Tabii monar\u015fi tesis edilecekse, evvela bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar aday\u0131 bulmak gerekiyor ki, 850 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir mazisi olan Do\u011fu Thuringia b\u00f6lgesinde mesk\u00fbn Reuss s\u00fclalesine mensup 71 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Prens XIII. Heinrich burada devreye giriyor. Reuss kelimesi Almancada “yeniden kullan\u0131lan” anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klama yapan aile fertleri, kendilerinin demokrasiye ve Alman devletine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Ter\u00f6rist olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekten \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyorlar. Prens’in Rus as\u0131ll\u0131 “k\u0131z arkada\u015f\u0131” da Alman polisi taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilen ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Darbecilerin Rusya ile \u015fu ana kadar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tek ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 Vitalia isimli bu \u015fah\u0131s.<\/p>\n
XIII. Heinrich’in liderli\u011finde darbe planlayanlardan \u015fimdiye kadar 50 kadar\u0131 polis taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve 25’i tutuklanm\u0131\u015f durumda. Aralar\u0131nda \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 Almanya i\u00e7in Alternatif Partisinden siyaset\u00e7iler, i\u015f adamlar\u0131, polisler ve askerlerin de bulundu\u011fu bu ki\u015fileri Almanya Federal Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 ‘Ter\u00f6rist” olarak nitelendiriyor. Ele ge\u00e7irilenler aras\u0131nda evvelce a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 eylemlere kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ABD \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 gruplar\u0131yla etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde olanlar da var. Darbecilerin amac\u0131n\u0131n, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ve i\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kararak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirmek ve anayasal d\u00fczeni de\u011fi\u015ftirerek monar\u015fi kurmak oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor.<\/p>\n
Darbe giri\u015fiminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 demokrasi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sevindirici. Berlin’e en samimi “ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsun” dileklerimi iletiyorum. Almanya’n\u0131n kendi darbecilerine tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tavr\u0131n bir benzerini, sokaklar\u0131nda ellerini kollar\u0131n\u0131 sallayarak dola\u015fan 15 Temmuz darbecileri i\u00e7in de tak\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 dilerim.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, yaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fckle malul bir \u00fclkenin 83 milyonluk halk\u0131n\u0131n, iktisadi ve psikolojik fakt\u00f6rlerin deste\u011finden uzak bir darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc neticesinde, Grimm Karde\u015fler masallar\u0131ndan f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f “Yeniden Kullan\u0131lan” bir Prens’i, t\u00fcm Almanya Reich’\u0131n\u0131n Kayzeri olarak benimseyebilece\u011fim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek abesle i\u015ftigal olur. O h\u00e2lde bu darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc as\u0131l tezg\u00e2hlayanlar\u0131n ba\u015fka ama\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. Hitler’in darbeyle de\u011fil, se\u00e7imle iktidara geldi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini hat\u0131rlaman\u0131n ve Alman fa\u015fistlerinin bu darbe giri\u015fimini nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 izlemenin zaman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Alman co\u011frafyas\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca din\u00ee, siyasi ve ekonomik olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bilahare Prusya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 alacak Brandenburg B\u00fcy\u00fck’ D\u00fckal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Habsburg Avusturya’s\u0131n\u0131n lideri oldu\u011fu Kutsal Roma Germen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda me\u015fhur Alman \u0130kili\u011fi (d\u00fcalizmi) modern \u00e7a\u011flarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 30 y\u0131l sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda bug\u00fcn Almanya dedi\u011fimiz co\u011frafyada 300’den fazla h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k vard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n y\u00f6neticilerinin kimileri kral, kimileri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[37],"class_list":["post-6375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-37"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6375"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6375\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}