{"id":6180,"date":"2022-07-24T08:52:04","date_gmt":"2022-07-24T05:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=6180"},"modified":"2024-03-06T16:46:56","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T13:46:56","slug":"lozanin-az-bilinenleri-turkiye-gazetesi24-07-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=6180","title":{"rendered":"Lozan’\u0131n Az Bilinenleri – T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi (24.07.2022)"},"content":{"rendered":"
Bug\u00fcn Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n 99. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa giden yolda a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken son viraj yeni T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 alanda tescil edilmesiydi. 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019te at\u0131lan imzalarla bu temin edilmi\u015f oldu. Bu y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle Lozan hakk\u0131nda az bilinenleri 10 madde h\u00e2linde payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m:<\/div>\n
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1- Lozan asl\u0131nda bir anla\u015fmalar sistemidir. 24 Temmuz\u2019da imzalanan bu sistemin en son anla\u015fmas\u0131 olan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu belgenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Lozan\u2019da Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Yerle\u015fme ve Yarg\u0131 Yetkisine \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00f6zle\u015fme, Ticaret S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, T\u00fcrk-Rum N\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesi S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Sivil Tutuklular ve Sava\u015f Esirlerine Dair T\u00fcrk-Yunan Anla\u015fmas\u0131 gibi anla\u015fmalar da imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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2- Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 1914\u2019ten beri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti-T\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda devam eden sava\u015flar\u0131 sona erdiren antla\u015fmad\u0131r. 10 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya dayat\u0131lan Sevr Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131, TBMM taraf\u0131ndan zaten hi\u00e7bir zaman kabul edilmemi\u015fti. Lozan\u2019\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla Sevr pa\u00e7avras\u0131 hukuken de tarihin \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/div>\n
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3- \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin Lozan \u015fehrindeki bar\u0131\u015f konferans\u0131 iki a\u015famal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 20 Kas\u0131m 1922\u2019de ba\u015flayan konferansta \u0130tilaf Devletleri kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyince, T\u00fcrk heyeti 7 \u015eubat 1923\u2019te Lozan\u2019\u0131 terk etmi\u015f ve Ankara\u2019ya gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci a\u015fama 23 Nisan\u2019da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 24 Temmuz\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla konferans sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
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4- Lozan\u2019a gidecek T\u00fcrk heyetindeki isimler h\u00fck\u00fbmet taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilmi\u015f ve TBMM\u2019de 2 Kas\u0131m 1922\u2019de oylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revine hen\u00fcz getirilmi\u015f olan \u0130smet (\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc) Pa\u015fa oy birli\u011fiyle ba\u015f delege, 152 oy alan Maliye Bakan\u0131 Trabzon Milletvekili Hasan (Saka) Bey ile 122 oy alan Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakan\u0131 Sinop Milletvekili R\u0131za (Nur) Bey delege olarak atand\u0131lar.<\/strong> Konferansa kat\u0131lacak T\u00fcrk heyetinde 21 dan\u0131\u015fman, 2 bas\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131, 1 genel sekreter, 1 m\u00fctercim ve 8 k\u00e2tip olmak \u00fczere 33 ki\u015fi daha yer ald\u0131.<\/div>\n
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5- Lozan\u2019a gidecek delegelere TBMM taraf\u0131ndan 14 maddelik bir talimat verilmi\u015ftir. Bu talimata g\u00f6re, \u0130tilaf Devletleri \u201cErmeni Yurdu\u201d konusunda \u0131srar ederlerse veya Kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 kald\u0131rmaya yana\u015fmazlarsa T\u00fcrk heyetinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri kesip Ankara\u2019ya d\u00f6nmesi gerekmektedir. Ayn\u0131 belgede, S\u00fcleymaniye, Musul ve Kerk\u00fck livalar\u0131n\u0131n talep edilmesi, verilmezse h\u00fck\u00fbmetten talimat al\u0131nmas\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r. Talimat\u0131n Ege adalar\u0131yla ilgili maddesinde, \u201cduruma g\u00f6re davran\u0131lacak. K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za pek yak\u0131n adalar \u00fclkemize kat\u0131lacak. Olmazsa Ankara\u2019dan sorulacak\u201d ifadesi yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/div>\n
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6- T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Lozan\u2019da Musul vilayeti konusundaki talepleri \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan \u0131srarla reddedilmi\u015ftir. Konu Lozan\u2019dan sonraya kalm\u0131\u015f ve Milletleraras\u0131 S\u00fcrekli Adalet Divan\u0131\u2019na havale edilmi\u015ftir. 1926\u2019da Ankara\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ngiltere mandas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Irak\u2019la imzalanan anla\u015fmayla Musul Irak\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/div>\n
Lozan\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye b\u00f6lgede bir halkoylamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Musul\u2019un gelece\u011fine orada ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n karar vermesini istemi\u015ftir. Ba\u015f delege \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 23 Ocak 1923 tarihli oturumda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6zellikle \u015fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir:<\/div>\n
\u201cK\u00fcrtlerin T\u00fcrklerle birlikte ya\u015famak istemedikleri iddias\u0131 hi\u00e7 do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r bu iki halk soy, inan\u00e7, \u00f6zlem ve t\u00f6re bak\u0131m\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu kadar, gelenek ve g\u00f6renek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ortak ba\u011flarla birle\u015fmi\u015f olarak tam bir uyum i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaktalar. K\u00fcrtlerin kendi istekleriyle T\u00fcrk y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na ge\u00e7tiklerini ve istikballerini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin istikbaline ba\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tarih g\u00f6stermektedir. TBMM H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, T\u00fcrklerin oldu\u011fu kadar K\u00fcrtlerin de h\u00fck\u00fbmetidir.\u201d<\/strong><\/div>\n
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7- Lozan\u2019da, \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin aksi y\u00f6ndeki t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sadece gayrim\u00fcslimlerin az\u0131nl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Lozan\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki millet sisteminin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na uygun hareket etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/div>\n
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8-Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 metninin hi\u00e7bir yerinde Patrikhane ifadesi ge\u00e7memektedir. M\u00fczakereler esnas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131 zaman zaman Rum-Ortodoks Patrikhanesi\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getirmi\u015f olsa da bu kabul g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk heyeti Yunan heyetinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u201cPatrikhanenin bundan sonra siyasi ya da idari hi\u00e7bir i\u015fe kar\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131, yaln\u0131zca dinsel alana giren i\u015flerle ilgilenece\u011fi\u201d \u015feklindeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 senet sayarak, Patrikhanenin \u0130stanbul\u2019da kalmaya devam etmesini kabul etmi\u015ftir. <\/strong>Patrik ve t\u00fcm dini g\u00f6revlilerin T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olma zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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9- ABD heyeti Lozan Konferans\u0131na g\u00f6zlemci stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 Sevr\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi, Lozan\u2019da da ABD\u2019nin imzas\u0131 yoktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti birbirlerine sava\u015f ilan etmemi\u015flerdir. Birbirleriyle sava\u015fmam\u0131\u015f iki devletin bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalamas\u0131na gerek yoktur. H\u00e2l b\u00f6yle oldu\u011fundan, \u201cABD Senatosu Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 onaylamad\u0131\u201d c\u00fcmlesi anlams\u0131zd\u0131r. \u0130mzalanmam\u0131\u015f anla\u015fma neden onaylans\u0131n? <\/strong>ABD Senato\u2019nun onaylamay\u0131 reddetti\u011fi anla\u015fma Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda diplomatik ili\u015fkilerin yeniden kurulmas\u0131na dair anla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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10- Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131nda herhangi bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. \u201c100. y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda sona erecek\u201d diye bir \u015fey yoktur. Gizli maddeleri de yoktur.<\/strong> Ba\u015fta Bo\u011fazlar rejimi ve T\u00fcrkiye-Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmak \u00fczere Lozan\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeleri ilerleyen y\u0131llarda zaten de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Lozan\u2019dan bu yana de\u011fi\u015fmeyen, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin egemenli\u011fi ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n 99. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa giden yolda a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken son viraj yeni T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 alanda tescil edilmesiydi. 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019te at\u0131lan imzalarla bu temin edilmi\u015f oldu. Bu y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle Lozan hakk\u0131nda az bilinenleri 10 madde h\u00e2linde payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m:   1- Lozan asl\u0131nda bir anla\u015fmalar sistemidir. 24 Temmuz\u2019da imzalanan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11940,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[37],"class_list":["post-6180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-37"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6180\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}