{"id":5306,"date":"2021-01-10T12:28:26","date_gmt":"2021-01-10T09:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=5306"},"modified":"2024-03-06T23:38:04","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T20:38:04","slug":"tepedeki-sehir-ve-kibir-turkiye-gazetesi-10-01-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=5306","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Tepedeki \u015eehir\u2019 ve kibir (T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi) 10.01.2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>P\u00fcriten rahip John Winthrop, Arbella gemisiyle Boston\u2019a gelen ilk yerle\u015fimcilere 21 Mart 1630\u2019da verdi\u011fi bir vaazda cemaate \u015f\u00f6yle sesleniyordu: \u2018Buras\u0131, herkesin g\u00f6zlerinin \u00e7evrildi\u011fi, tepenin \u00fczerinde bir \u015fehir gibi olacak.\u2019 Winthrop diyordu ki, \u2018\u015eayet Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n buyru\u011fundan ayr\u0131l\u0131rsan\u0131z, i\u015fledi\u011finiz g\u00fcnahlar ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hatalar t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclecek.\u2019 Esasen Britanya adalar\u0131ndaki din\u00ee bask\u0131dan ka\u00e7arak yeni d\u00fcnyaya ayak basan halka, do\u011fru yoldan ayr\u0131lmamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlemekteydi.<\/div>\n<div>Takip eden y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inde \u2018Tepedeki \u015eehir\u2019 metaforu, bilhassa siyasi kimli\u011fe sahip ki\u015filerin dilinde ve kaleminde \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir mevhuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Amerikal\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler \u2018Tepedeki \u015eehir\u2019i t\u00fcm ABD i\u00e7in kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ba\u015f\u0131na baz\u0131 s\u0131fatlar ekleyerek, bu kavram\u0131 t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015fekillere soktular. Mesela eski ABD ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan Ronald Reagan 1989\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 veda konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, \u2018tepedeki p\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fehir\u2019 demeyi tercih etmi\u015fti. Reagan halk\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle sesleniyordu:<\/div>\n<div>\u2018P\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fehir; kayalar \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, azametli, okyanusa ve r\u00fczg\u00e2ra kar\u015f\u0131 mukavemetli, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kutsad\u0131\u011f\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc insan\u0131n ahenk ve huzur i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ticarete a\u00e7\u0131k serbest limanlar\u0131 olan gururlu bir \u015fehirdir. \u015eehrin surlar\u0131 olacaksa, surlar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fehre ula\u015fmaya istekli herkese a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.\u2019<\/div>\n<div>Daha yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde de Obama\u2019dan, Romney\u2019e bir\u00e7ok siyaset\u00e7i ayn\u0131 metaforu kullanmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/div>\n<div>\u2018Tepedeki \u015eehir\u2019 tabiri tarih\u00ee s\u00fcre\u00e7teki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda ne\u015fet eden bir ba\u015fka kavram \u2018herkesin g\u00f6zlerinin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu \u015fehir\u2019 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, \u2018herkesin g\u00f6rmek zorunda oldu\u011fu \u015fehir\u2019 \u015feklinde ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131ma u\u011framas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu yeni ve pop\u00fcler kavram, A\u00e7\u0131k Kader\u2019di (Manifest Destiny). Bat\u0131\u2019ya do\u011fru geni\u015flemek ve \u2018bo\u015f\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 Amerikan yerlilerinin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek isteyenler, bunun ABD\u2019nin kaderinde oldu\u011funu, \u2018Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu misyonu ABD\u2019ye y\u00fckledi\u011fini\u2019 ileri s\u00fcrerek eylemlerini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. A\u00e7\u0131k Kader, sadece Oregon, Texas, California, Alaska i\u00e7in de\u011fil, Karayipler\u2019den, G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya ve Pasifik\u2019e kadar \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir alanda ABD yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n motivasyon kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu; Amerikan yerlilerinden Filipinlilere y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131n da yok edilme gerek\u00e7esi!<\/div>\n<div>\u2018Tepedeki \u015eehri\u2019 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinden g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmak, onun suretlerini daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tepeler \u00fcst\u00fcnde in\u015fa etmek, g\u00fcya ABD i\u00e7in Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f A\u00e7\u0131k Kader\u2019in bir sonucuydu. ABD\u2019nin fikirlerinin, de\u011ferlerinin ve kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n&nbsp;d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilemezdi. Zaten Kurucu Babalar\u0131 en fazla etkileyen Sa\u011fduyu (Common Sense) kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Thomas Paine daha 1776\u2019da, \u2018Nuh nebi zaman\u0131ndan beri olmayan bir durumla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahibiz. Yeni bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu ellerimizde\u2019 dememi\u015f miydi?<\/div>\n<div>ABD, A\u00e7\u0131k Kaderinin \u00e7izdi\u011fi yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7ak\u0131llar\u0131 tekmeledi\u011fi i\u00e7in mesul tutulamazd\u0131. Ne yap\u0131yorsa, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n iyili\u011fi i\u00e7in yap\u0131yor, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in en m\u00fckemmel nizam\u0131, Pax Americana\u2019y\u0131 kurmak istiyordu. O h\u00e2lde, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n tabi oldu\u011fu kaideler onu ba\u011flamamal\u0131, kutlu yolunda h\u0131z kesmesine hi\u00e7bir kuvvet mani olamamal\u0131yd\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131k Kaderin i\u015faret etti\u011fi uzak tepelerin \u00fcst\u00fcne yeni \u015fehirler kurarken, ABD istisna tutulmal\u0131yd\u0131. Tam da buydu i\u015fte savunduklar\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>Tepedeki \u015eehir metaforu, yepyeni bir d\u00fcnya kurma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini, o da A\u00e7\u0131k Kader mitini k\u00f6r\u00fckledi. Hepsi bir oldu, Amerikan \u0130stisnac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furdu.<\/div>\n<div>Uluslararas\u0131 sistemin temel dinamikleri de\u011fi\u015fip dururken, Amerikan istisnac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin i\u00e7inde, de\u011fi\u015fik renklerle takdim edilen ama \u00f6z\u00fcnde ayn\u0131 motifi i\u00e7eren bir resim olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bill Clinton\u2019\u0131n dilinde bu resmin ad\u0131 k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeydi. George Bush, kendi ad\u0131nda bir doktrinle sundu onu. Donald Trump ise \u2018Amerika\u2019y\u0131 yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fck yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u2019 diye hayk\u0131rarak resmi sallarken, \u00e7er\u00e7eve k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, boyalar akt\u0131 ve beyaz tuval \u00fczerinde, Romal\u0131 ma\u011frur bir generalin sil\u00fceti belirdi. Tepedeki \u015eehrin kap\u0131lar\u0131 kapand\u0131. Ahengi bozuldu. Huzuru ka\u00e7t\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>20 Ocak\u2019ta g\u00f6revine ba\u015flayacak Joe Biden acaba d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinden \u2018Tepedeki \u015eehre\u2019 do\u011fru tutulan aynalara bakacak m\u0131? Kongre salonunu i\u015fgal eden Bizon postlunun yerel ter\u00f6rist oldu\u011funu televizyonlardan ilan ederken, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerinde olup biten ter\u00f6r eylemlerini, demokrasiyi darbeyle yok etme te\u015febb\u00fcslerini, insanlar\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131zca katledilmelerini g\u00f6recek mi? Aylan bebe\u011fin masum suskunlu\u011fu onun kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131nlatacak m\u0131? Yoksa o da, Amerikan istisnac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 besleyen kibir s\u00fczgecinden mi ge\u00e7irecek her karar\u0131n\u0131?<\/div>\n<div>Trump siyasi bir harakiri e\u015fli\u011finde koltu\u011funa veda ederken, Biden\u2019\u0131n Trump\u2019\u0131n miras\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yok etmekten daha \u00f6nemli bir sorumlulu\u011fu var: Tepedeki \u015eehrin Fildi\u015fi Kulesinde dalgalanan kibir bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 indirmek.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00fcriten rahip John Winthrop, Arbella gemisiyle Boston\u2019a gelen ilk yerle\u015fimcilere 21 Mart 1630\u2019da verdi\u011fi bir vaazda cemaate \u015f\u00f6yle sesleniyordu: \u2018Buras\u0131, herkesin g\u00f6zlerinin \u00e7evrildi\u011fi, tepenin \u00fczerinde bir \u015fehir gibi olacak.\u2019 Winthrop diyordu ki, \u2018\u015eayet Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n buyru\u011fundan ayr\u0131l\u0131rsan\u0131z, i\u015fledi\u011finiz g\u00fcnahlar ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hatalar t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclecek.\u2019 Esasen Britanya adalar\u0131ndaki din\u00ee bask\u0131dan ka\u00e7arak yeni d\u00fcnyaya ayak basan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12121,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[30],"class_list":["post-5306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-30"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5306\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}