{"id":4996,"date":"2020-02-23T10:32:03","date_gmt":"2020-02-23T07:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4996"},"modified":"2024-03-07T00:49:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T21:49:31","slug":"dusunce-kuruluslarinin-islevi-nedir-23-02-2020-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4996","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevi nedir? (23.02.2020) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Modern d\u00f6nemin ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerine 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de rastlansa da, bu alandaki as\u0131l s\u0131\u00e7rama 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren ABD\u2019de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her iki \u00fclkenin de s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemlerde k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta hedeflere y\u00f6nelik politikalar izledikleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n neden buralarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p geli\u015ftikleri daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ya da \u0130ngilizce ad\u0131yla &#8216;think tank\u2019ler, \u00e7ok basit bir sebeple bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131ndan ve \u00fcniversitelerden ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. O basit sebep, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsellik iddias\u0131nda olmamalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kurumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gayelerini bilenler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen bilgileri, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir paranteze alarak de\u011ferlendirir, ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 kaynaktan kontrol etmeden ve sorgulamadan nazar-\u0131 dikkate almazlar&#8230;<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u00fclke ABD\u2019dir. 2000 kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015funun bulundu\u011fu bu \u00fclkede ge\u00e7erli olan vergi kanununun 501 (c) 3 maddesi, k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131na vergi istisnalar\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermektedir. Bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu da bu istisnadan faydalanmaktad\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n para kazanmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde veya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka hedeflere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in kuruldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131labilir&#8230;<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Konuyu biraz daha derinle\u015ftirerek, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kimlerin, neden kurduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve maddi olarak desteklediklerini inceledi\u011fimizde temelde iki ana kaynakla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktay\u0131z. Birinci kaynak devletin kendisidir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede devletin \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla yak\u0131n ili\u015fki i\u00e7indedir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bizzat kurucusu oldu\u011fu ve bir t\u00fcr yar\u0131 resm\u00ee&nbsp;kamusal kurum gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluktayken, bilhassa 1980&#8217;lerden itibaren devletin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca i\u015fin merkezinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden, \u00e7e\u015fitli fonlarla destekledi\u011fi kurumlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle ABD\u2019de ve Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde devlet kurumlar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli projeler vererek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan yararlanmay\u0131 tercih etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7in, Rusya ve Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde ise h\u00e2len devletin bizzat ana akt\u00f6r olarak i\u015fin merkezinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluktad\u0131r&#8230;<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>ABD ve Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde benimsenen metodun arkas\u0131nda iki ana sebep yatmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimlerinin, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f kamuoyu nezdindeki itibar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve onlar\u0131 devletin sivil g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc olduklar\u0131 imaj\u0131ndan kurtarmak. \u0130kincisi ise, devletin kendi karar alma mekanizmalar\u0131nda kullanaca\u011f\u0131 girdilerin, herhangi bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunmadan, olabildi\u011fince do\u011fru kaynaklardan gelmesini temin etmek. Hatta bu ikinci amaca ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in ABD\u2019de kamu kurumlar\u0131 kendi politika \u00fcretme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde faydalanmak \u00fczere analizlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131nda, farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na sahip, siyasal yelpazenin farkl\u0131 yerlerinde konumlanm\u0131\u015f birden fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015funa m\u00fcracaat etmeyi neredeyse bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k h\u00e2line getirmi\u015flerdir. Elbette hangi kurulu\u015fun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 analizi, ne \u015fekilde kullanacaklar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda politikay\u0131 \u00fcretip icra edecek olan\u0131n karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 devlet kurumlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kuran ve\/veya destekleyen ikinci kaynak ise \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Bu i\u015fin son derece profesyonelce yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD\u2019de ticari firmalardan, kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine, bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131ndan, etnik ve din\u00ee&nbsp;lobilere kadar devlet mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almayan bir\u00e7ok olu\u015fumun, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Nas\u0131l devlet kurumlar\u0131, devletin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131yorlarsa, devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kurumlar da kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 yolu takip etmektedirler.<\/div>\n<div>Bu noktada, bilhassa son 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r k\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileti\u015fim imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ve do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiyi h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma vas\u0131talar\u0131 sayesinde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u2018demir perdeyle\u2019 ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir nitelikleri h\u0131zla geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 hem alg\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin hem de \u2018ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin, yap\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcne tabi tutularak, geni\u015f kitlelerin beklentileri do\u011frultusunda yeniden ve farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde in\u015fa edilmesi\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilecek post-truth modellemelerinin vazge\u00e7ilmez ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri h\u00e2line gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<div>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde, ABD derin devletinin fonlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131r sultan\u0131n bile duydu\u011fu RAND isimli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan \u2018piyasaya servis edilen\u2019 T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131ndaki analizi de bu bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmemiz gerekir. \u015eayet T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131 konumundan, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131ndan rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duyanlar taraf\u0131ndan fonlanan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131nda bir rapor haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fsa, i\u00e7inde ne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ziyade; zamanlamas\u0131, hangi yollarla kamuoyuna duyuruldu\u011fu, servis edildikten sonra rapordaki hangi hususlar\u0131n hangi y\u00f6ntemlerle \u2018k\u00f6p\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019, rapor sonras\u0131 \u2018etki analizlerini\u2019 kimlerin, ne \u015fekilde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi konular\u0131n ciddiyetle de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir&#8230;<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporlar\u0131 okurken, ayn\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n daha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 raporlar\u0131 da okuman\u0131z\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki analizlerinin ve tahminlerinin isabet oran\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate alman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye ederim.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modern d\u00f6nemin ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerine 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de rastlansa da, bu alandaki as\u0131l s\u0131\u00e7rama 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren ABD\u2019de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her iki \u00fclkenin de s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemlerde k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta hedeflere y\u00f6nelik politikalar izledikleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n neden buralarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p geli\u015ftikleri daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ya da \u0130ngilizce ad\u0131yla &#8216;think tank\u2019ler, \u00e7ok [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-4996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-31"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4996"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4996\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}