{"id":4949,"date":"2020-01-12T14:25:37","date_gmt":"2020-01-12T11:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4949"},"modified":"2024-03-07T00:56:24","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T21:56:24","slug":"dunya-duzensizligi-12-01-2020-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4949","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya d\u00fczensizli\u011fi&#8230; (12.01.2020) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Tarihte \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 olarak isimlendirilen d\u00f6nemler vard\u0131r. Roma D\u00fczeni, Britanya D\u00fczeni, Versailles D\u00fczeni, \u0130ki Kutuplu D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni ve benzeri isimlerle an\u0131lan d\u00f6nemler, \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 kelimesini ihtiva ettiklerinden sanki d\u00fcnyada huzurun ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n tesis edildi\u011fi zaman dilimleriymi\u015f gibi zikredilirler. H\u00e2lbuki d\u00fcnya tarihinin hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6neminde, ne k\u00fcresel ne de b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeyde, devletlerin ve insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n huzur, bar\u0131\u015f ve istikrar i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bahse konu \u2018d\u00fczenler\u2019 sistemin geneline h\u00e2kim olan bir devletin ya da devletler grubunun, di\u011ferlerine dayatt\u0131klar\u0131 kurallar ve uygulamalar \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczenlerin kurallar\u0131 ve uygulamalar\u0131 onlar\u0131 kuranlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015f, d\u00fczene uymaya mecbur edilenlerin beklentileri ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 -istisnalar hari\u00e7- g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczen kurucular, d\u00fczenlerini ba\u015fkalar\u0131na kabul ettirmek i\u00e7in asker\u00ee ve iktisadi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Pax Romana (Roma Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\/D\u00fczeni); k\u00f6leci, istilac\u0131 ve ya\u011fmac\u0131 Roma\u2019n\u0131n, Akdeniz Havzas\u0131 etraf\u0131nda, lejyonlar\u0131n\u0131n zaferleriyle kurdu\u011fu d\u00fczendir. Pax Britannica (Britanya Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\/D\u00fczeni); sanayi ink\u0131lab\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, ucuz ham madde ve pazar ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 tatmin etmek i\u00e7in Afrika\u2019dan Uzak Asya\u2019ya \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir alanda egemenlik ve n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131 ihdas eden emperyalist stratejinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Versailles D\u00fczeni\u2019ni, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ma\u011flubu Almanya\u2019ya dayatan sava\u015f\u0131n galiplerinden \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130ki Kutuplu D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni, ABD ve SSCB\u2019nin asker\u00ee ve iktisadi g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle, kendi liderliklerini benimsettikleri devletlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gruplar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak tesis edilen sistemin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Tarihte bunlar gibi onlarca \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 d\u00f6nemine rastlanabilir.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Akt\u00f6rleri, kurulu\u015f ve yok olu\u015f \u015fekilleri birbirlerinden farkl\u0131 olsa da, t\u00fcm \u2018d\u00fczenlerin\u2019 en az \u00fc\u00e7 ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r:<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>1- D\u00fczenler asker\u00ee ve\/veya iktisadi olarak en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan(lar)\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hukukun \u00fczerine kurulur ve ona g\u00f6re y\u00f6netilir.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>2) D\u00fczenler, kurucular\u0131n\u0131n -daha do\u011fru bir ifadeyle kurucular\u0131ndaki h\u00e2kim toplum kesimlerinin- menfaatlerine hizmet etmek \u00fczere tesis edilir. D\u00fczene tabi olanlar\u0131n menfaatleri ikinci plandad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>3) D\u00fczenlere ba\u015fta r\u0131za g\u00f6sterenlerin ya da boyun e\u011fenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, d\u00fczen kurucunun g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla d\u00fczenin devam\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, bir an \u00f6nce ortadan kalkmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterirler. D\u00fczenden nemalanan i\u015f birlik\u00e7i az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131 (emperyalistlerce s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen Asya ve Afrika \u00fclkelerinde bunlara i\u015f birlik\u00e7i burjuvazi denirdi. SSCB\u2019nin g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcmdeki devletlerdeki \u00fcst d\u00fczey kom\u00fcnist \u2018yolda\u015flar\u2019 da bu tak\u0131mdand\u0131), ya d\u00fczen kurucunun \u00fclkesine ka\u00e7arlar ya da ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaybederler.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>K\u0131saca ifade etmek gerekirse, her \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 kendi i\u00e7inde anti-tezini bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu anti-tezlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2018d\u00fczenin\u2019 y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de takip eden \u2018yeni d\u00fczenin\u2019 kurulmas\u0131na hizmet eder. Diyalektik icab\u0131, bu tezler de kendi z\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretir dururlar.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde d\u00fczen de\u011fil, d\u00fczensizlik standartt\u0131r. Realistler buna \u2018anar\u015fi\u2019 diyorlar. S\u00f6zde \u2018d\u00fczenler\u2019 de kendilerine has \u2018anar\u015fik\u2019 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez kesitler i\u00e7erirler. Bug\u00fcne kadar hi\u00e7bir zaman t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmek suretiyle, \u2018ebedi bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u2018d\u00fczeni\u2019, bu ideale en yak\u0131n bir s\u00f6ylem ve metinle (BM Antla\u015fmas\u0131) kurgulanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, ancak g\u00fcc\u00fc elinde bulunduranlar\u0131n izin verdi\u011fi konularda ve alanlarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel seviyede d\u00fczensizlikten epeyce endi\u015fe duyulan, \u2018acaba \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar m\u0131?\u2019 sorusunun fazlaca soruldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u015eimdilik hal\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fclen ABD-\u0130ran gerilimi bu endi\u015felere yeniden ivme kazand\u0131rd\u0131. H\u00e2lbuki ihtilaf, gerilim, t\u0131rmanma, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve sava\u015f uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin tabiat\u0131nda m\u00fcndemi\u00e7, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n fabrika ayarlar\u0131nda var olan ger\u00e7ekliklerdir.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>ABD\u2019nin 2003\u2019teki Irak i\u015fgalinden bu yana \u2018Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Orta Do\u011fu\u2019 olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi b\u00f6lgede yeni bir \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 kurma te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn nelere sebep oldu\u011funu ya\u015fayarak g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Rejimini, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n epey d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131yla muhafaza etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130ran; L\u00fcbnan\u2019dan Yemen\u2019e, Irak\u2019tan Suriye\u2019ye bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ya\u015fanan istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n mimarlar\u0131ndan biri oldu. ABD\u2019nin arzu etti\u011fi \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 bu b\u00f6lgede kurulabilseydi de, er ya da ge\u00e7 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 bir tablo ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmayacakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\u00c7in 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yeni hiper g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kendi liderli\u011finde bir \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 (Pax Sinica) kurmaya giri\u015fti\u011finde, bunun kal\u0131c\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fczensizliklere son verece\u011fini de kimse d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesin. \u00c7in y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 da -d\u00fczene tabi olanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan- Amerikan y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131ndan daha az problemli olmayacak.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>K\u00fcresel akt\u00f6rlerin kal\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u00fczen tesis etmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 alanda, T\u00fcrkiye gibi stratejik b\u00f6lgesel akt\u00f6rlerin, kendi mill\u00ee&nbsp;menfaatleri do\u011frultusunda, se\u00e7ili alanlarda ba\u015fka devletlerle konjonkt\u00fcrel i\u015f birliklerine gitmeleri, be\u015feri sermayelerini geli\u015ftirmeye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmalar\u0131, asker\u00ee ve iktisadi a\u00e7\u0131dan kendi kendilerine yeterliliklerini art\u0131rmalar\u0131, i\u00e7eride istikrarlar\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza etmeleri her zamankinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor&#8230;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tarihte \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 olarak isimlendirilen d\u00f6nemler vard\u0131r. Roma D\u00fczeni, Britanya D\u00fczeni, Versailles D\u00fczeni, \u0130ki Kutuplu D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni ve benzeri isimlerle an\u0131lan d\u00f6nemler, \u2018d\u00fczen\u2019 kelimesini ihtiva ettiklerinden sanki d\u00fcnyada huzurun ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n tesis edildi\u011fi zaman dilimleriymi\u015f gibi zikredilirler. H\u00e2lbuki d\u00fcnya tarihinin hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6neminde, ne k\u00fcresel ne de b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeyde, devletlerin ve insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n huzur, bar\u0131\u015f ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12213,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-4949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-31"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4949"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4949\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}