{"id":4755,"date":"2019-11-10T09:32:07","date_gmt":"2019-11-10T06:32:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4755"},"modified":"2024-03-07T01:09:50","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T22:09:50","slug":"berlin-duvari-10-11-2019-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4755","title":{"rendered":"Berlin Duvar\u0131 (10.11.2019) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>9 Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Duvar, iki kutuplu d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin sembol\u00fcyd\u00fc. Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n da biti\u015f tarihi olarak kabul edilir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem d\u00fcnya siyasi tarihinin en \u00f6nemli hadiselerinden biridir.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Duvar 1962\u2019de in\u015fa edildi. Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019n\u0131n (o zamanki ad\u0131yla, Almanya Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin) ba\u015fkenti Do\u011fu Berlin ile 1955\u2019te NATO \u00fcyesi olan Bat\u0131 Almanya\u2019n\u0131n (Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti) topra\u011f\u0131 olan Bat\u0131 Berlin\u2019i ay\u0131r\u0131yordu. Duvar in\u015fa edilmeden \u00f6nce de 1945\u2019ten itibaren Berlin zaten b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir kentti. ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa kentin bat\u0131s\u0131nda bir i\u015fgal b\u00f6lgesini kontrol ediyordu. Di\u011fer taraf ise SSCB\u2019nin kontrol\u00fcndeydi.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>ABD-SSCB aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler gerildik\u00e7e, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kenti Berlin bu gerilimin en \u00e7ok hissedildi\u011fi yerlerden biri h\u00e2line geldi. SSCB lideri Nikita Kru\u015f\u00e7ev \u015fehri bir duvarla ikiye ay\u0131rarak, Do\u011fu\u2019dan Bat\u0131\u2019ya ka\u00e7\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tamamen durdurmak istiyordu. Bat\u0131\u2019ya ka\u00e7abilenler, kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netimin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerini kitle ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan di\u011fer Demir Perde \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015fayan insanlara aktarmaktayd\u0131lar. O d\u00f6nemin temel psikolojik harp ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan olan radyolar, kom\u00fcnist \u201czul\u00fcmden ka\u00e7arak, \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fcnyada kendilerine yeni bir hayat ba\u015flatan \u015fansl\u0131 ki\u015filerin\u201d hik\u00e2yelerine yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k yer veriyorlard\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Her ne kadar Sovyetler ve Do\u011fu Alman h\u00fck\u00fbmeti, duvar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu Berlin\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irme planlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek ve kapitalizmin do\u011fuya s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek olarak a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f olsalar da, as\u0131l sebep i\u00e7erdekilerin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 durdurmakt\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, asl\u0131nda Berlin Duvar\u0131, bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava hapishanesinin d\u0131\u015f duvar\u0131 fonksiyonunu g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov\u2019un 1985\u2019te SSCB lideri olmas\u0131yla birlikte So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019ta son a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ildi. Gorba\u00e7ov, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k (glastnost) ve yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma (perestroika) politikalar\u0131yla, \u00fclkesini siyasi ve iktisadi a\u00e7\u0131lardan yeniden in\u015fa etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kom\u00fcnizmin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn de fitilini ate\u015fledi\u011fini \u015f\u00fcphesiz bilmiyordu.&nbsp;Bir yandan da ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ronald Reagan ile tarih\u00ee&nbsp;nitelikte zirve toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda bir araya gelerek, n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve konvansiyonel silahlar\u0131n konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konular\u0131nda anla\u015fma m\u00fczakereleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten Gorba\u00e7ov birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in \u2018Demir Perdenin ard\u0131ndan&nbsp;parlayan bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u2019 oluvermi\u015fti. SSCB i\u00e7inde ve Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde birbiri ard\u0131na kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netimlere kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmalar ba\u015flad\u0131. Moskova y\u00f6netimi SSCB i\u00e7indeki halk hareketlerini sert \u015fekilde bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki muhalefet dalga dalga t\u00fcm \u00fclkelere yay\u0131ld\u0131. 1989\u2019un son \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131 Do\u011fu Avrupa i\u00e7in 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli siyasi geli\u015fmelerine sahne oldu.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Ekim 1989\u2019da Macaristan\u2019da kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netime son verildi. E\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak, Dayan\u0131\u015fma sendikas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 Leh Vavensa\u2019n\u0131n (Walesa) liderlik etti\u011fi ayaklanma kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Polonya\u2019daki kom\u00fcnist asker\u00ee&nbsp;diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck geri ad\u0131m atmak zorunda kald\u0131. \u00dclkede yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde kom\u00fcnistler iktidar\u0131 terk ettiler. \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019da Vaclav Havel\u2019in siyasi muhalefetini bu kez SSCB 1968\u2019de Prag Bahar\u0131\u2019na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tanklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek bast\u0131ramad\u0131. Orada da kom\u00fcnistler iktidardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dclkesini y\u0131llarca demir yumrukla y\u00f6neten Romanya diktat\u00f6r\u00fc Nikolay \u00c7avu\u015fesku ve e\u015fi Aral\u0131k 1989\u2019da ayaklanmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kur\u015funa dizildi. Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da, 1960&#8217;larda \u00fclkesini SSCB\u2019nin 16. cumhuriyeti yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Bulgaristan diktat\u00f6r\u00fc Todor Jivkov g\u00f6revinden al\u0131nd\u0131. Kom\u00fcnistler bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Bulgaristan\u2019da da iktidardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Do\u011fu Avrupa sokaklar\u0131 \u2018kahrolsun kom\u00fcnizm\u2019 nidalar\u0131yla inlerken, &nbsp;o s\u0131rada kendine hayr\u0131 olmayan Moskova\u2019dan bi\u00e7are bak\u0131\u015flarla medet&nbsp;uman kom\u00fcnist liderler koltuklar\u0131ndan indirilirken, Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n simgesi Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ayakta kalmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemezdi. Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019n\u0131n kom\u00fcnist lideri Erik H\u00f6neker, \u2018bu duvar 100 y\u0131l daha ayakta&nbsp; kalacak\u2019 dedikten sadece 10 ay sonra Duvar y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Halk\u0131n \u2018gaz\u0131n\u0131 almak\u2019 i\u00e7in Bat\u0131\u2019ya seyahat yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hafifletme karar\u0131 alan H\u00f6neker, bu karar\u0131 duyan on binlerce Do\u011fu Berlinlinin ellerinde balyozlarla duvara h\u00fccum edeceklerini hesap edememi\u015fti.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Duvar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla bir devir bitti. Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki eski d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc takip eden 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde NATO ve AB \u00fcyesi oldular. Kom\u00fcnistler bir daha iktidara gelemediler. Ama Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Avrupa\u2019da bir \u2018biz\u2019 duygusu var edebilmek i\u00e7in illa da bir \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019ye ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen hastal\u0131kl\u0131 zihinler 1990&#8217;lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hortlatt\u0131. Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fiziki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yok olu\u015funun \u00fczerinden 30 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fken, Avrupal\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin bir \u00e7o\u011fu maalesef zihinlerde bir duvar in\u015fa etme faaliyetlerinden vazge\u00e7miyorlar.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ***<\/div>\n<div>Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurucusu Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 81. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc&nbsp;\u015f\u00fckranla an\u0131yorum.&nbsp;Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ad\u0131, \u2018en b\u00fcy\u00fck eserim\u2019 dedi\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti var olduk\u00e7a ya\u015famaya devam edecektir&#8230;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>9 Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Duvar, iki kutuplu d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin sembol\u00fcyd\u00fc. Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n da biti\u015f tarihi olarak kabul edilir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem d\u00fcnya siyasi tarihinin en \u00f6nemli hadiselerinden biridir. &nbsp; Duvar 1962\u2019de in\u015fa edildi. Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019n\u0131n (o zamanki ad\u0131yla, Almanya Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin) ba\u015fkenti Do\u011fu Berlin ile 1955\u2019te NATO \u00fcyesi olan Bat\u0131 Almanya\u2019n\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-4755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-32"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4755"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4755\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}