{"id":4659,"date":"2019-09-08T10:34:50","date_gmt":"2019-09-08T07:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4659"},"modified":"2024-03-07T09:38:07","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T06:38:07","slug":"abdnin-orta-dogu-politikasini-anlamak-08-09-2019-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4659","title":{"rendered":"ABD\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu politikas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak&#8230; (08.09.2019) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya ABD\u2019nin giri\u015fi On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde ba\u015flad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 ama i\u00e7i\u015flerinde \u00f6zerk olan Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki Garp Ocaklar\u0131\u2019yla ABD\u2019nin temaslar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na misyonerlerin gelmeleri, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019yle ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6neten Ka\u00e7arlarla ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, diplomatik ve kons\u00fcler temsilciliklerin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, silah ticaretinin canlanmas\u0131 gibi geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. Osmanl\u0131-ABD ili\u015fkilerinde, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki mesafenin uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1823\u2019ten sonra ABD d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesini olu\u015fturan Monroe Doktrini, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa devletleriyle ili\u015fkilerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sebeplerle, g\u00f6receli olarak \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir g\u00fcndemden s\u00f6z edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ama ili\u015fkilerin bilhassa ticaret ve misyonerlerin faaliyetlerinden dolay\u0131 zaman zaman y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi veya taraflar aras\u0131nda gerilimlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemler olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<div>ABD Kongresi\u2019nin bir donanma kurarak, Kuzey Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve Akdeniz\u2019de seyreden ticaret gemilerini korumaya karar verdi\u011fi andan itibaren Washington y\u00f6netimlerinin Orta Do\u011fu politikas\u0131nda iki sabit belirleyici unsur ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar, ABD\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu\u2019daki ekonomik ve ticari \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n, gerekirse asker\u00ee&nbsp;g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ABD i\u00e7 siyasetinde etki do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Amerikan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu\u2019daki faaliyetlerinin desteklenmesidir. Bu iki sabit unsura y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde iki belirleyici unsur daha eklenmi\u015ftir: \u0130srail\u2019in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgedeki enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>D\u00f6nemsel olarak ABD\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu politikas\u0131na y\u00f6n veren, SSCB\u2019nin \u00e7evrelenmesi ve Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin dizginlenmesi gibi hususlar da \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ama N\u00e2s\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131 ve SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda bunlar anlam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Bug\u00fcn de, ABD\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu politikas\u0131 yukar\u0131da yer verdi\u011fim d\u00f6rt belirleyici unsur taraf\u0131ndan beslenmektedir. ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeye ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm s\u00f6ylem ve eylemleri bu d\u00f6rt sabit unsurun alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanabilir. Carter Doktrini, \u2018Ye\u015fil Ku\u015fak\u2019 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Reagan\u2019\u0131n \u2018\u00e7evik g\u00fc\u00e7\u2019 giri\u015fimi, L\u00fcbnan m\u00fcdahalesi, baba ve o\u011ful Bushlar\u0131n Irak\u2019a m\u00fcdahaleleri, Madrid Orta Do\u011fu Bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci, Clinton d\u00f6neminde uygulamaya konulan \u0130ran ve Irak\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 \u2018\u00e7ifte \u00e7evreleme\u2019 politikas\u0131, Suudi Arabistan, Katar ve Bahreyn\u2019de asker\u00ee&nbsp;\u00fcslerin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, o\u011ful Bush\u2019un Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Do\u011fu Projesi, Irak\u2019ta \u00fcniter yap\u0131n\u0131n yeni anayasayla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Suudi Arabistan\u2019a silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, Obama\u2019n\u0131n Arap Bahar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumu, Libya\u2019ya m\u00fcdahale, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Sisi darbesine verilen destek, Suriye\u2019ye asker g\u00f6nderilmesi, Trump\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail\u2019deki b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fini Kud\u00fcs\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, Golan Tepelerinin ilhak\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 vb. son 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde b\u00f6lgede ABD\u2019nin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 her ad\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6rt temel belirleyicinin en az biriyle ili\u015fkilendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Elbette 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019den sonra uluslararas\u0131 ter\u00f6rizmle m\u00fccadelenin ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer faaliyetlerinin de Orta Do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesindeki ABD varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 per\u00e7inlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir arg\u00fcman olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>ABD\u2019nin Suriye\u2019de ne yapmak istedi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in genel Orta Do\u011fu politikas\u0131na \u015fekil veren bu d\u00f6rt belirleyici unsuru hi\u00e7 ak\u0131ldan \u00e7\u0131karmamal\u0131y\u0131z. B\u00f6yle yap\u0131nca da, ABD deste\u011fiyle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde yeni bir devlet benzeri yap\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ihtimalinin Ankara\u2019y\u0131 neden 1991\u2019den bu yana ciddi olarak endi\u015felendirdi\u011fini anlar\u0131z.<\/div>\n<div>Bir K\u00fcrt devletinin kurulmas\u0131yla ilgili planlar\u0131n tarihini tam y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nceye, Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131\u2019na kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Fakat daha yak\u0131n bir zamana, 1967 Arap-\u0130srail Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131na odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u0130srail\u2019in kendi g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015felerini gidermek i\u00e7in Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrt ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 desteklerken, en b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131m\u0131 o zamanlar ABD ile s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde olan \u0130ran \u015eah\u0131\u2019ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Birinci K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde u\u00e7u\u015fa yasak b\u00f6lgenin kurulmas\u0131, 25 y\u0131l boyunca takip edilen Irak\u2019\u0131 b\u00f6lme siyasetinin ilk meyvelerini vermesini temin etti. \u0130kinci K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra ABD\u2019nin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Irak Anayasas\u0131yla da, \u00fclkenin kuzeyinde bir federe b\u00f6lgesel y\u00f6netim kuruldu.<\/div>\n<div>Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale ederken ABD\u2019nin hedefi sadece DEA\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc etkisizle\u015ftirmek de\u011fildi. \u00d6yle olsayd\u0131, Ba\u015fkan Trump\u2019\u0131n DEA\u015e\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 zafer kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmesinin ard\u0131ndan ABD askerlerinin Suriye\u2019den \u00e7ekilmesi beklenirdi. Aksine, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte Ba\u015fkan\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 tutumuna ra\u011fmen Pentagon PYD-YPG ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Zira Suriye\u2019nin i\u00e7 sava\u015ftan sonra bir daha \u0130srail\u2019e \u2018tehdit\u2019 olu\u015fturmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00fclkenin \u00fcniter yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yap\u0131lacak yeni bir anayasayla t\u0131pk\u0131 Irak\u2019ta oldu\u011fu gibi ABD ve \u0130srail ile \u00e7ok yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri olan bir federe y\u00f6netim birimi kurulmas\u0131 hedeflenmekteydi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm \u0131srarlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lge alan\u0131n\u0131 dar tutan, PYD-YPG ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahlar\u0131 toplamayan ve siyasi m\u00fczakerelere d\u00e2hil etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ABD\u2019nin bu hedefinden vazge\u00e7mesi kolay de\u011fil. Burada kastetti\u011fim \u2018ABD\u2019, iktidardaki h\u00fck\u00fbmet de\u011fil, d\u0131\u015f politikay\u0131 \u00fcreten asli g\u00fc\u00e7lerdir.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>ABD\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu politikas\u0131n\u0131n ana dinamikleri ba\u015fkanlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funda oturan ki\u015filer ancak \u00f6ncelik s\u0131ralamas\u0131 yapabilirler ama politikan\u0131n esas\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde m\u00fcdahale edebilirler. Savunma ve g\u00fcvenlik b\u00fcrokrasisi, asker\u00ee-end\u00fcstriyel kompleks, enerji \u015firketleri, Evanjelik kiliseler ve lobilerin bu alandaki etkisi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr&#8230;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya ABD\u2019nin giri\u015fi On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde ba\u015flad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 ama i\u00e7i\u015flerinde \u00f6zerk olan Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki Garp Ocaklar\u0131\u2019yla ABD\u2019nin temaslar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na misyonerlerin gelmeleri, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019yle ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6neten Ka\u00e7arlarla ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, diplomatik ve kons\u00fcler temsilciliklerin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, silah ticaretinin canlanmas\u0131 gibi geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. Osmanl\u0131-ABD ili\u015fkilerinde, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12360,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-4659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-32"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4659\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}