{"id":4633,"date":"2019-08-25T10:46:03","date_gmt":"2019-08-25T07:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4633"},"modified":"2024-03-07T09:39:57","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T06:39:57","slug":"alparslan-malazgirtte-dogu-romayi-yendi-25-08-2019-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4633","title":{"rendered":"Alparslan Malazgirt\u2019te Do\u011fu Roma\u2019y\u0131 yendi (25.08.2019) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Yar\u0131n 26 A\u011fustos. Bundan 948 y\u0131l \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Alparslan\u2019\u0131n komutas\u0131ndaki Sel\u00e7uklu ordusunun, Romen Diyojen komutas\u0131ndaki Do\u011fu Roma ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 Malazgirt\u2019te kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferin y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. Malazgirt Zaferi T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya bir daha \u00e7\u0131kmamak \u00fczere yerle\u015fmesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 simgeler.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Bir\u00e7ok tarih kitab\u0131m\u0131zda Alparslan\u2019\u0131n 1071\u2019de yendi\u011fi ordunun Bizans ordusu oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir.&nbsp;<strong>Bu bilgi tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan problemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendisini Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olarak isimlendiren bir devlet yoktur.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2018Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019 tabiri ilk kez -\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinden 104 y\u0131l sonra- 1557\u2019de Cermen tarih\u00e7i Hieronymus Wolf taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. 1648\u2019de bas\u0131lan&nbsp;<em>Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae<\/em>&nbsp;ve 1680\u2019da bas\u0131lan&nbsp;<em>Historia Byzantina&nbsp;<\/em>adl\u0131 eserlerde de, Do\u011fu Roma i\u00e7in Bizans tabirinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerindeki tarih kitaplar\u0131nda bu tabirin yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise ancak 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan sonrad\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrklerle Romal\u0131lar\u0131n ilk temaslar\u0131ndan, Do\u011fu Roma\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadarki d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin geli\u015fmeleri aktaran Arap\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e eserlerde de hi\u00e7bir zaman \u2018Bizans\u2019 kelimesine rastlanmaz.&nbsp;<strong>Devlet\u2019in ad\u0131 ya&nbsp;<em>Devlet-i R<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u00fbm<\/em>&nbsp;(Roma Devleti) ya da&nbsp;<em>Devlet-i R<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u00fbm-i \u015eark<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u00ee<\/em>&nbsp;(Do\u011fu Roma Devleti) olarak yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/strong>Bat\u0131\u2019daki tarih kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle -ki 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu ve 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00e7imiz Frans\u0131zca tarih kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 terc\u00fcme etmeyi ya da al\u0131nt\u0131lamay\u0131 tercih ediyordu- T\u00fcrk tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131na da \u2018Bizans\u2019 tabiri girmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Esasen Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 395\u2019ten, 1453\u2019e kadar ba\u015fkenti&nbsp;<em>Konstantinopolis<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0130stanbul\u2019dan \u00f6nce Arap\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de&nbsp;<em>Konstantiniyye<\/em>&nbsp;deniliyordu) olan&nbsp;<strong>bu devlet kendisini ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 da bu devleti \u2018Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, halk\u0131na da \u2018Romal\u0131\u2019 denilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u015eayet 476\u2019da y\u0131k\u0131lan Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 isteniyorsa, o zaman \u2018Do\u011fu Roma\u2019 tabiri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Bu vesileyle Talim Terbiye Kurulu\u2019nun tarih m\u00fcfredat\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatine bu hususu getirmek istiyorum.&nbsp;<strong>Tarihsel ger\u00e7eklere uymayan Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ifadesinin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekir. \u00d6\u011frencilerimiz; Alparslan\u2019\u0131n Malazgirt\u2019te, II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan\u2019\u0131n Miryekefalon\u2019da, Osman Gazi\u2019nin Koyunhisar\u2019da, Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019da yendi\u011fi devletin Do\u011fu Roma oldu\u011funu \u00e7ok iyi bilmelidir.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 kerimin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e meallerinin \u00e7o\u011funda da, \u2018Romal\u0131lar\u2019dan \u2018R\u00fbm\u2019 \u015feklinde bahsedilmektedir. Baz\u0131 meallerde, \u2018Bizans\u2019 kelimesi de ge\u00e7mektedir. H\u00e2lbuki ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 dildeki Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 kerim meallerinde Arap\u00e7a\u2019daki \u2018R\u00fbm\u2019 kelimesi, \u2018Romal\u0131lar\u2019 olarak terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. Mesela \u0130ngilizcede, \u2018the Romans\u2019, Almancada, \u2018die R\u00f6mer\u2019, Frans\u0131zcada, \u2018les Romains\u2019, \u0130talyancada, \u2018I Romani\u2019, Yunancada, \u2018Romaioi\u2019. Do\u011frusu da budur. R\u00fbm Suresi\u2019nde, bahsedilen sava\u015fta Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan 627\u2019de yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019dur.&nbsp;<strong>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 kerim meallerinde, \u2018R<\/strong><strong>\u00fbm\u2019 kelimesini ya \u2018Romal\u0131lar\u2019\/\u2018Do\u011fu Roma\u2019 \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ya da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e mealde Arap\u00e7a asl\u0131 muhafaza edilecekse en az\u0131ndan parantez i\u00e7inde bu kelimenin \u2018Do\u011fu Roma\u2019 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini de g\u00f6stermesi icap eder diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.&nbsp;<\/strong>Zaten Arap\u00e7ada da \u2018R\u00fbm\u2019 kelimesi Roma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Bu isimlendirme meselesinin neden bu kadar \u00fczerinde durdum? \u00c7ok basit bir sebebi var:&nbsp;<strong>Tarih bug\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak i\u00e7in vard\u0131r.<\/strong>&nbsp;Evvelce var olmayan, \u00e7e\u015fitli m\u00fclahazalarla sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 kavram ve tabirleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki hadiseleri a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rken son derece dikkatli olmak gerekir. Aksi takdirde tarihin ger\u00e7ek ba\u011flam\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve b\u0131rak\u0131n bug\u00fcn\u00fc anlamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131, aksine i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 son derece m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcl bir kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar\u0131z. Tarihsel s\u00fcreklilik \u00e7izgilerinin, bu t\u00fcrden sonradan bulunmu\u015f kavram ve tabirlerle m\u00fcdahale edilmek suretiyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ekseriyetle bilin\u00e7li hareketlerdir. Bunun en bariz \u00f6rneklerinden biri, \u2018\u0130ran\u2019 isminin var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde cereyan eden Osmanl\u0131-Safevi ya da Osmanl\u0131-Ka\u00e7ar m\u00fcnasebetlerinin, Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran ili\u015fkileri \u015feklinde aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle olunca da s\u0131radan bir tarih okuyucusu, Safevilerin de, Ka\u00e7arlar\u0131n da T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve asl\u0131nda bug\u00fcn \u0130ran olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin 1925\u2019e kadar T\u00fcrk hanedanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fini bilmez.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><strong>16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bavyera\u2019da Bizans kelimesini kullananlar\u0131n siyasi maksad\u0131 ise, o zamanki&nbsp;<em>Kutsal Roma Cermen \u0130mparatoru\u2019nun<\/em>, do\u011frudan Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun v\u00e2risi oldu\u011funu, Do\u011fu Roma\u2019n\u0131n ise zaten Bizans ad\u0131yla ayr\u0131 bir devlet olarak, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile son d\u00f6neminde bir ilgisinin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamakt\u0131r. Bu ise, o d\u00f6nemin siyasetini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tarihsel ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u00e7arp\u0131tmakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Kavram ve tabirlerin yerli yerine oturtulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda, Anadolu\u2019ya tarihimizde neden&nbsp;<em>Diyar-\u0131 R<\/em><em>\u00fbm&nbsp;<\/em>denildi\u011fini, Mevlana&nbsp;<em>Celaleddin-i R<\/em><em>\u00fbm\u00ee<\/em>&nbsp;ad\u0131n\u0131n nereden geldi\u011fini, Fatih\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethetti\u011finde neden&nbsp;<em>Kayzer-i R<\/em><em>\u00fbm<\/em>&nbsp;(Roma \u0130mparatoru) unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayamay\u0131z.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Do\u011fu Roma ordusunu ma\u011flup ederek, Anadolu\u2019nun kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an Alparslan\u2019\u0131 ve bug\u00fcne kadar T\u00fcrk yurdunu d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 savunurken can veren t\u00fcm \u015fehitlerimizi rahmetle an\u0131yorum. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 30 A\u011fustos Zafer Bayram\u0131 vesilesiyle de Gazi Mare\u015fal Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ve t\u00fcm Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n aziz hat\u0131ralar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde sayg\u0131yla e\u011filiyorum.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yar\u0131n 26 A\u011fustos. Bundan 948 y\u0131l \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Alparslan\u2019\u0131n komutas\u0131ndaki Sel\u00e7uklu ordusunun, Romen Diyojen komutas\u0131ndaki Do\u011fu Roma ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 Malazgirt\u2019te kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferin y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. Malazgirt Zaferi T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya bir daha \u00e7\u0131kmamak \u00fczere yerle\u015fmesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 simgeler. &nbsp; Bir\u00e7ok tarih kitab\u0131m\u0131zda Alparslan\u2019\u0131n 1071\u2019de yendi\u011fi ordunun Bizans ordusu oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir.&nbsp;Bu bilgi tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan problemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-4633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-32"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4633\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}