{"id":4406,"date":"2019-03-03T10:43:13","date_gmt":"2019-03-03T07:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4406"},"modified":"2024-03-07T10:33:17","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T07:33:17","slug":"kesmire-bir-de-bu-pencereden-bakin-03-03-2019-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4406","title":{"rendered":"Ke\u015fmir\u2019e bir de bu pencereden bak\u0131n (03.03.2019) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\u0130ki n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa elbette d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011fi a\u011fz\u0131na gelir. Hele daha evvel de ayn\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131k sebebiyle sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flarsa. Pakistan ve Hindistan aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli gerginlikte de tam anlam\u0131yla b\u00f6yle oldu. Pakistan semalar\u0131ndayken, Pakistan hava kuvvetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 jetler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen Hindistan sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n pilotu \u00fclkesine iade edilse de, gerilim tamamen ortadan kalkmad\u0131. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Ke\u015fmir meselesi 1947\u2019den bu yana Pakistan ile Hindistan aras\u0131nda her an yeniden sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kabilecekmi\u015f izlenimi veriyor.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge uzmanlar\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ABD ile SSCB aras\u0131ndaki gerilim s\u0131ras\u0131nda her iki taraf\u0131n da n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n muhtemel bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 engelledi\u011fini, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Pakistan ve Hindistan aras\u0131nda da b\u00f6yle bir \u2018denge durumu\u2019 oldu\u011funu savunuyorlar. Ba\u015fka uzmanlara g\u00f6re ise iki durum aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar var: ABD ve SSCB aras\u0131ndakinden farkl\u0131 olarak, Pakistan-Hindistan gerginli\u011finin temelinde payla\u015f\u0131lamayan bir b\u00f6lge var. Her iki \u00fclkede de mill\u00ee&nbsp; kimliklerin in\u015fas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde Ke\u015fmir \u00f6nemli bir fig\u00fcr olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Her iki \u00fclke i\u00e7in de Ke\u015fmir, \u2018olmazsa olmaz\u2019 h\u00e2line gelmi\u015f. \u0130ki \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm siyasi partileri ve bug\u00fcne kadar y\u00f6netime gelmi\u015f t\u00fcm liderleri i\u00e7in Ke\u015fmir\u2019den vazge\u00e7mek gibi bir tercih hi\u00e7bir zaman s\u00f6z konusu olmam\u0131\u015f. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ke\u015fmir iki \u00fclke i\u00e7in de koskoca bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgi. 72 y\u0131ld\u0131r uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcndemdeki s\u0131cak yerini kaybetmemesinin arkas\u0131nda da bu ger\u00e7ek yat\u0131yor. Daha uzunca bir s\u00fcre de b\u00f6yle devam edece\u011fe benziyor. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanabilecek yeni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda n\u00fckleer silahlara ba\u015fvurma ihtimalinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirmesini yapan uzmanlar \u00e7o\u011funlukta. Az\u0131nl\u0131kta kalan uzmanlar\u0131n felaket senaryosunda ise iki \u00fclkenin n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n -ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir gerek\u00e7eye l\u00fczum olmadan- zaten ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma riski olu\u015fturdu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Pakistan ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n f\u00fcze teknolojisinde ileri bir noktaya geldikleri ve muhtemel bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada, n\u00fckleer ba\u015fl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yabilen f\u00fczelerin kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 da eklemeden ge\u00e7meyelim.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Peki ama i\u015fler bu seviyeye nas\u0131l geldi? Bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen Ke\u015fmir meselesinin as\u0131l sebebi Pakistan ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n uzla\u015fmaz ve inat\u00e7\u0131 tutumu mu? Yoksa birileri bu gerilimden fayda m\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor?<\/div>\n<div>1947\u2019de Britanya, o zamanlar \u015fimdiki Pakistan\u2019\u0131 da i\u00e7eren Hindistan\u2019daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimini sona erdirirken, say\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fczlerle ifade edilen yerel y\u00f6neticilerin (mihrace\/raja) yeni kurulacak Pakistan\u2019a ya da Hindistan\u2019a ba\u011flanmak ya da tarafs\u0131z ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kalmak aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Tabiat\u0131yla, n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan prensliklerin Pakistan\u2019a, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Hindu olanlar\u0131n ise Hindistan\u2019a ba\u011flanmalar\u0131 beklenirdi. N\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Ke\u015fmir\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 ise Hindu\u2019ydu. Bir s\u00fcre karars\u0131z kald\u0131. Daha sonra iki \u00fclkeye de ba\u011flanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan karar de\u011fi\u015ftirip Hindistan\u2019a ba\u011fland\u0131. O g\u00fcnden sonra da Ke\u015fmir\u2019de sular hi\u00e7 durulmad\u0131&#8230;<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Karar Ke\u015fmir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131na de\u011fil de halka b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, belki de farkl\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131. Halk oylamas\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde, halklar\u0131n hangi \u00fclkede kalacaklar\u0131na karar vermeleri i\u00e7in o tarihe kadar bir\u00e7ok kez uygulanm\u0131\u015f bir y\u00f6ntem olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Britanya buna yana\u015fmad\u0131. Neden diye sordu\u011fumuzda tan\u0131d\u0131k baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za. Britanya, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n geleneklerinde b\u00f6yle bir y\u00f6ntemin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kat\u0131 kast sisteminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kimlerin oy verece\u011finin tespitinde bile b\u00fcy\u00fck problemler \u00e7\u0131kartaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclkedeki okuma-yazma seviyesindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir plebisit yap\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00e2ni oldu\u011funu, hepsinden \u00f6te zaten birbirleriyle anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ya\u015famakta olan mihracelerin birbirlerinin n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmak suretiyle \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tetikleyebileceklerini ileri s\u00fcrerek sand\u0131k ihtimalinden \u0131srarla uzak durdu&#8230;<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Britanya\u2019n\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu gerek\u00e7eler \u00e7ok da inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil ama bize \u00e7ok tan\u0131d\u0131k geliyor. 1923\u2019te Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019nda Musul meselesi ele al\u0131n\u0131rken T\u00fcrk Heyeti, n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu T\u00fcrklerin ve K\u00fcrtlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bu b\u00f6lgede plebisit yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve halk\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye mi yoksa Irak\u2019a m\u0131 kat\u0131lmak istediklerine kendilerinin karar vermesini istemi\u015fti. Britanya taraf\u0131n\u0131n plebisit teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karken kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel arg\u00fcman, Musul\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt ve Arap n\u00fcfusun e\u011fitim seviyelerinin \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6yle bir halk oylamas\u0131n\u0131n \u2018do\u011fru sonucu\u2019 vermeyece\u011fiydi. Halbuki Britanya\u2019n\u0131n as\u0131l endi\u015fesi, T\u00fcrklerin ve K\u00fcrtlerin, Araplardan farkl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kalmak i\u00e7in oy verecekleri ve Musul gibi petrol bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengin bir b\u00f6lgenin kendi kontrollerinden \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Nitekim takip eden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca her t\u00fcrl\u00fc manevray\u0131 yaparak Musul\u2019u T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Ayn\u0131 Britanya\u2019n\u0131n Hindistan\u2019dan \u2018\u00e7\u0131karken\u2019 daha \u2018demokratik\u2019 bir tutum sergilemesi beklenemezdi. 300 y\u0131l y\u00f6netti\u011fi ve &#8220;Tac\u2019\u0131n \u0130ncisi&#8221; ad\u0131 verilen Hindistan\u2019daki h\u00e2kimiyetini istemeye istemeye sona erdirirken Britanya iki temel hedefe kilitlenmi\u015fti: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olsalar da bu b\u00f6lgenin devletlerindeki \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ve yeni devletlerin bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde bir arada ya\u015fayarak kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 kenetlenmelerini engellemek. \u0130lkinde nispeten, ikincisinde ise kesinlikle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Hindistan \u00f6nce ikiye, sonra da Banglade\u015f\u2019in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oldu. Bu devletlerin aralar\u0131ndaki ihtilaflar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmek bir yana derinle\u015fti.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>S\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimlerinden kurtulduktan sonra i\u00e7 istikrar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilen ve kom\u015fular\u0131yla bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayabilen \u00fclkelerin say\u0131s\u0131 o kadar az ki&#8230;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130ki n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa elbette d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011fi a\u011fz\u0131na gelir. Hele daha evvel de ayn\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131k sebebiyle sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flarsa. Pakistan ve Hindistan aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli gerginlikte de tam anlam\u0131yla b\u00f6yle oldu. Pakistan semalar\u0131ndayken, Pakistan hava kuvvetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 jetler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen Hindistan sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n pilotu \u00fclkesine iade edilse de, gerilim tamamen ortadan kalkmad\u0131. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Ke\u015fmir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-4406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-32"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4406"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4406\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}