{"id":4370,"date":"2019-02-10T16:09:59","date_gmt":"2019-02-10T13:09:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4370"},"modified":"2024-03-07T10:37:13","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T07:37:13","slug":"turk-amerikan-iliskilerinde-ticaretin-yeri-10-02-2019-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4370","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinde ticaretin yeri (10.02.2019) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler strateji ve g\u00fcvenlik eksenine oturdu. H\u00e2lbuki ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna giden ikili ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre ticaret odakl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcmekteydi. Elbette 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Osmanl\u0131-Amerikan ticari ili\u015fkilerinin her iki taraf i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde avantaj sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. 1830 anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc itibar\u0131yla&nbsp;bir kapit\u00fclasyon d\u00fczenlemesi oldu\u011fundan Amerikal\u0131 tacirlere \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar tan\u0131maktayd\u0131. Kald\u0131 ki, o tarihlerde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nde okyanus a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ticaret yapabilecek kapasitede bir t\u00fcccar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, zaten Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi mallar\u0131 dahi sat\u0131n al\u0131p ABD\u2019deki ya da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerindeki pazarlara ta\u015f\u0131yanlar yine Amerikal\u0131lard\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Amerikan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda ve iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ticaret hacminde nisbi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f olsa da, bilhassa 1929\u2019daki ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte bu alanda tekrar tedrici bir y\u00fckseli\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f ba\u015flayana kadar da, d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 gibi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir d\u00f6nem hari\u00e7, ticaret ikili ili\u015fkilerin omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>1940&#8217;lar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinin tabiat\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik ya\u015fand\u0131. ABD ile SSCB aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan k\u00fcresel \u00e7apl\u0131 ideolojik m\u00fccadele esnas\u0131nda, ABD d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerindeki \u00fclkelere oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de strateji ve g\u00fcvenlik merce\u011fiyle bakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye ile yap\u0131lan ticaret devam etmekle, hatta artmakla birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin jeopolitik konumu, NATO stratejilerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verilen roller, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu siyaseti i\u00e7in ne anlam ifade etti\u011fi gibi hususlar Washington\u2019un T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye dair yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesinde temel \u00f6ncelikler h\u00e2line geldi.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Kabul etmeliyiz ki, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde -birka\u00e7 istisnai durum hari\u00e7- Ankara da, ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemini ekseriyetle kendi stratejik \u00f6zellikleri ve ABD\u2019nin SSCB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ne kadar vazge\u00e7ilmez bir \u00fclke oldu\u011fu arg\u00fcman\u0131 \u00fczerinden tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 sevdi. Bunu en net olarak silah ambargosunun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 1975-1978 d\u00f6neminde iki taraf aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan resm\u00ee&nbsp;g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere bak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmekteyiz. T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131 m\u00fctemadiyen, silah ambargosunun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00e7ok ABD \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na zarar verdi\u011fini, NATO\u2019nun g\u00fcneydo\u011fu kanad\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130ttifak\u2019\u0131n bu y\u00fczden SSCB kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geriledi\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur. Belki de, silah ambargosunun kalkmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dile getirilebilecek en ak\u0131lc\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler bunlar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle hareket edilmi\u015ftir. Ekonomik ili\u015fkiler konusu ise, neredeyse sadece ABD\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ne kadar mali yard\u0131m yapaca\u011f\u0131na indirgenmi\u015ftir. Kad\u00fck olan 1976 ve 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 1980 Savunma ve Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n (SE\u0130A) m\u00fczakere s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ve muhtevalar\u0131nda da bu ger\u00e7ekle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u015fartlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ili\u015fkinin oda\u011f\u0131nda strateji ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin olmas\u0131 ola\u011fan kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir. 1990&#8217;lardan itibaren iki kutuplu didi\u015fmenin sona ermesiyle birlikte, Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve Uzak Do\u011fu \u00fclkeleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yeriyle ABD aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde asker\u00ee&nbsp;ili\u015fkilerin yava\u015f yava\u015f dozunun azalmas\u0131na \u015fahit olduk. Ticari ve ekonomik ili\u015fkiler asker\u00ee&nbsp;boyutun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. Fakat T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinde ayn\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim ya\u015fanmad\u0131. T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fbmetlerinin m\u00fcteaddit te\u015febb\u00fcslerine ra\u011fmen, ABD taraf\u0131 ikili ticaretin hacmini art\u0131rabilecek -asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok basit ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere c\u00f6mert\u00e7e uygulanan- baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeleri yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, T\u00fcrk mallar\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019ye giri\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran engelleri dahi azaltmad\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kom\u015fu oldu\u011fu Balkanlar, Kafkasya ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da ya\u015fananlar sebebiyle T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkileri So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u0131n bitimini takip eden yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 y\u0131l boyunca da a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak stratejik bir tabiata sahip olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. ABD T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi, m\u00fcttefik, stratejik ortak, model ortak vs. \u015fekillerinde tan\u0131mlad\u0131 da, hi\u00e7bir&nbsp;zaman bir ticari ortak olarak nitelendirmedi.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\u0130ster istemez bu durum, Washington\u2019\u0131n ve Ankara\u2019daki asli muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n kim olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da etkiledi. Washington uzun y\u0131llar boyunca oldu\u011fu gibi, 1990&#8217;lardan sonra da yine uzunca bir s\u00fcre T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de orduyu esas orta\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rerek, sivil irade yerine, asker\u00ee&nbsp;b\u00fcrokrasiyle kal\u0131c\u0131 ili\u015fkiler kurmay\u0131 tercih etti. Bu ise temelde ABD\u2019nin Avrupa ve Orta Do\u011fu komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinden kurguland\u0131. Ticari ili\u015fkiler Washington i\u00e7in kayda de\u011fer bir husus h\u00e2line bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc gelemedi.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>15 Temmuz darbe giri\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinin omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan bu ili\u015fki bi\u00e7iminin nas\u0131l sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck. T\u00fcrkiye, Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fkan olmas\u0131ndan sonra bir kez daha ikili ili\u015fkilerin daha \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir tabiata b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesi i\u00e7in te\u015febb\u00fcslerini s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7en hafta Amerikan i\u015f adamlar\u0131yla bir araya geli\u015finde verdi\u011fi mesajlar\u0131 da bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. \u015eayet T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinin ana eksenini ticaret, ekonomik i\u015f birli\u011fi, ortakl\u0131klar vb.&nbsp;konular olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flarsa, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ne denli \u00f6nemli bir i\u015f orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilen Amerikal\u0131 i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi kamuoylar\u0131na ve karar verme mekanizmalar\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye konusunda verece\u011fi mesajlar son derece olumlu bir mahiyet alacakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler strateji ve g\u00fcvenlik eksenine oturdu. H\u00e2lbuki ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna giden ikili ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre ticaret odakl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcmekteydi. Elbette 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Osmanl\u0131-Amerikan ticari ili\u015fkilerinin her iki taraf i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde avantaj sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. 1830 anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc itibar\u0131yla&nbsp;bir kapit\u00fclasyon d\u00fczenlemesi oldu\u011fundan Amerikal\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-4370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-32"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4370"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4370\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}