{"id":4347,"date":"2019-01-20T10:17:49","date_gmt":"2019-01-20T07:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4347"},"modified":"2024-03-07T10:41:29","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T07:41:29","slug":"abd-natodan-cikarsa-20-01-2019turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4347","title":{"rendered":"ABD NATO\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131karsa (20.01.2019)T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturdu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu yana Donald Trump \u00fclkesinin NATO\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fini \u00e7e\u015fitli kereler ima etti. Genellikle t\u00fcm politikalar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi Trump\u2019\u0131n bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin temelinde de basit bir para hesab\u0131 yat\u0131yor. Trump \u00f6zetle diyor ki:&nbsp;&#8220;ABD NATO b\u00fct\u00e7esine en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in de milyarlarca dolar harc\u0131yor. Ama bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alam\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin tutumu sebebiyle ticari alanda zarara u\u011fruyor. Ya Avrupal\u0131lar kendi savunma b\u00fct\u00e7elerine daha fazla katk\u0131 yaps\u0131nlar, ya da biz \u00e7ekilelim ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7aresine baks\u0131nlar.&#8221;<\/div>\n<div>ABD\u2019nin NATO\u2019ya ve Avrupa savunmas\u0131na y\u0131ll\u0131k mali katk\u0131s\u0131 konusunda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bilimsel makalelere ve Amerikan bas\u0131n\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Trump\u2019\u0131n abartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda bir katk\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Yine de, t\u00fcm NATO \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda savunmaya en fazla pay ay\u0131ran ve NATO\u2019nun ortak b\u00fct\u00e7esine en b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan devlet ABD. Buna bir de Avrupa\u2019daki ABD asker\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00e7eden ayr\u0131lan pay kat\u0131l\u0131rsa, Trump\u2019\u0131n -\u00fcstelik h\u00fck\u00fbmetin rekor s\u00fcreyle kepenk kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde- bu dosyay\u0131 tekrar a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n siyaseten do\u011fru bir sebebi var. Ama her siyaseten do\u011fru olan, ger\u00e7ekte do\u011fru olan \u015fey de\u011fil. Zira kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu yana ABD\u2019nin mali ve asker\u00ee katk\u0131s\u0131yla ayakta duran NATO\u2019nun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD\u2019nin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131dan \u00e7ok fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kendisine geri verdi ve vermeye de devam ediyor. \u00dcstelik bu tespit sadece stratejik gerek\u00e7elere dayanm\u0131yor. Daha \u00e7ok, tam da Trump\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir maliyet-fayda hesab\u0131na dayan\u0131yor.<\/div>\n<div>Meseleyi k\u00f6klerine inerek, k\u0131sa bir tarihsel yolculukla 1947\u2019ye giderek ele alal\u0131m. ABD o y\u0131l, ikinci harpten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frayarak \u00e7\u0131kan Avrupa \u00fclkelerine yard\u0131m yapmay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren me\u015fhur Marshall Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015fti. Washington ne sadece bu \u00fclkelerdeki k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen sosyoekonomik \u015fartlardan istifade eden Sovyet yanl\u0131s\u0131 kom\u00fcnistlerin iktidara gelmesini engellemek i\u00e7in ne de muhta\u00e7 durumdaki Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u2018sar\u0131 sa\u00e7\u0131, mavi g\u00f6z\u00fc\u2019 i\u00e7in verdi bu yard\u0131m\u0131. Marshall Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 tetikleyen Hazine ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6z att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, aslolan o d\u00f6nemde en b\u00fcy\u00fck ithalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 yitiren Amerikan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin, burada ekonomiyi canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in can suyu vermek&nbsp;ve Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 yeniden ABD mallar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 yapmakt\u0131. Plan harfiyen \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD -aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu- Marshall Plan\u0131 devletlerine para yerine, mal ve hizmet verdi. Bunlar\u0131 da Amerikan \u015firketlerinden ald\u0131. Yani asl\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc parayla 200 milyar dolar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kendi ekonomisine pompalad\u0131. \u00dcstelik 1953\u2019te Marshall Yard\u0131mlar\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, o g\u00fcne kadar Avrupal\u0131lara vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu makine ve te\u00e7hizat\u0131n yedek par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n kendisinden al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 temin eden, Amerikan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7ok uygun g\u00fcmr\u00fck \u015fartlar\u0131nda Avrupa pazar\u0131na girmesine&nbsp;imk\u00e2n veren gayet k\u00e2rl\u0131 bir sistemi de kuruvermi\u015fti. Washington Avrupa\u2019ya verdi\u011finden \u00e7ok fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Amerikan ekonomisine geri kazand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>NATO da 1949\u2019da kurulurken, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00fcyelerin muhtemel bir Sovyet sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tesis edilmi\u015f bir savunma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckse de, Kuzey Atlantik Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ikinci maddesi \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 uyumla\u015ft\u0131racaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu alanda i\u015f birli\u011fi yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 da teminat alt\u0131na almaktayd\u0131. Bir savunma antla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in normalde dikkat \u00e7ekici olmas\u0131 gereken bu hususun, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n yeni ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 o s\u0131cak g\u00fcnlerde fazlaca \u00fczerinde durulmad\u0131. H\u00e2lbuki bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle anla\u015fma Marshall Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnleyici bir mahiyetteydi ve ABD, NATO \u00fclkelerinin ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n kendisininkiyle uyumlu olmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/div>\n<div>Fakat NATO\u2019nun ABD ekonomisine as\u0131l katk\u0131s\u0131 asker\u00ee sat\u0131\u015flar \u00fczerinden oldu. ABD kendi elindeki sava\u015f fazlas\u0131 malzemeyi hibe yoluyla ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faizli FMS kredileri a\u00e7mak suretiyle NATO \u00fcyelerine verdi, ya da Amerikan silah \u015firketlerinin NATO \u00fcyelerinin ordular\u0131n\u0131 donatmas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu, ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok NATO \u00fcyesinin uzun y\u0131llar kendi mill\u00ee&nbsp;savunma sanayilerini geli\u015ftirmek yerine ABD\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 h\u00e2le gelmelerine de yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu duruma kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p kendi siyasetlerini takip etmek isteyenler ya Fransa gibi kendilerini NATO\u2019nun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda buldular veya T\u00fcrkiye gibi a\u011f\u0131r ambargolara maruz kald\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<div>Ba\u015fkan Trump maliyet-fayda hesab\u0131 yaparken herh\u00e2lde NATO\u2019nun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin ordular\u0131na bug\u00fcne kadar trilyonlarca dolar sat\u0131\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f olan ABD asker\u00ee-end\u00fcstriyel kompleksinin son 70 y\u0131ll\u0131k bilan\u00e7olar\u0131na bakma ihtiyac\u0131 duymam\u0131\u015f.<\/div>\n<div>ABD&nbsp;NATO\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131karsa, NATO \u00e7\u00f6ker. Ama bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 alternatifin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde acaba NATO olmadan Amerikan \u015firketleri Avrupa \u00fclkelerine silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 eskisi kadar yo\u011fun yapabilirler mi?<\/div>\n<div>Nisanda NATO\u2019nun kurulu\u015funun 70. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc kutlanacak. \u0130ttifak ke\u015fke kuruldu\u011fundan bu yana NATO\u2019ya kimin ka\u00e7 kuru\u015f katk\u0131 yap\u0131p, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Amerikan \u015firketlerinden ka\u00e7 kuru\u015fluk silah ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir rapor haz\u0131rlasa. Belki Trump bunu okur da, kaz\u0131n aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n perdeli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturdu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu yana Donald Trump \u00fclkesinin NATO\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fini \u00e7e\u015fitli kereler ima etti. Genellikle t\u00fcm politikalar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi Trump\u2019\u0131n bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin temelinde de basit bir para hesab\u0131 yat\u0131yor. Trump \u00f6zetle diyor ki:&nbsp;&#8220;ABD NATO b\u00fct\u00e7esine en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in de milyarlarca dolar harc\u0131yor. Ama bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alam\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin tutumu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-4347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-32"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4347"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4347\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}