{"id":4068,"date":"2018-09-02T09:38:56","date_gmt":"2018-09-02T06:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4068"},"modified":"2024-03-07T11:17:39","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T08:17:39","slug":"turk-dis-politikasinin-esaslari-3-02-09-2018-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4068","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n esaslar\u0131 -3 (02.09.2018) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n esaslar\u0131 serisinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son k\u0131sm\u0131nda 1964\u2019ten bug\u00fcne \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n nas\u0131l \u015fekillendi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirece\u011fiz. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemleri Denge Aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 (1965-1987), De\u011fi\u015fen D\u00fcnyada Yeniden Konumlanma \u00c7abalar\u0131 (1988-2001) ve Stratejik \u00c7ok Y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck D\u00f6nemi (2002-Bug\u00fcn) olarak adland\u0131rabiliriz.<\/div>\n<div>5 Haziran 1964\u2019te ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Lyndon Johnson\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektupta dile getirdikleri \u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sars\u0131nt\u0131ya yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, ilerleyen y\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok kritik geli\u015fme Johnson Mektubu ile ili\u015fkilendirilerek anlat\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ekim 1962\u2019de ya\u015fanan K\u00fcba krizi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, ABD ile SSCB evvelce T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131na ABD taraf\u0131ndan yerle\u015ftirilen J\u00fcpiter f\u00fczelerinin s\u00f6k\u00fclmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, K\u00fcba\u2019ya Sovyet f\u00fczelerinin yerle\u015ftirilmesinden vazge\u00e7ilmesi konusunda mutabakata vard\u0131lar. Bu kararla So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u2018yumu\u015fama\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flad\u0131. Fakat ABD, SSCB ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi do\u011frudan ilgilendiren bir konuda pazarl\u0131k yaparken Ankara\u2019ya herhangi bir bilgi verme ihtiyac\u0131 duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Va\u015fington-Moskova hatt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen pazarl\u0131klardan Ankara haberdar oldu\u011funda, o g\u00fcne kadar g\u00fcvenilir m\u00fcttefik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen ABD\u2019ye dair ilk ciddi \u015f\u00fcpheler olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>K\u00fcba krizinden iki y\u0131l sonra, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta toplu katliam tehdidi ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkleri kurtarmak i\u00e7in Ada\u2019ya bir m\u00fcdahale karar\u0131 alan T\u00fcrkiye bu kez ABD\u2019nin do\u011frudan engellemesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Ba\u015fkan Johnson \u2013bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka gerek\u00e7enin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra- \u015fayet T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a m\u00fcdahalesi sebebiyle SSCB T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sald\u0131r\u0131rsa, NATO\u2019nun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi korumayabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k bir dille ifade ediyordu.<\/div>\n<div>1964\u2019ten sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD\u2019ye tam ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olandan daha dengeli bir d\u0131\u015f politikaya yava\u015f yava\u015f ge\u00e7meye te\u015febb\u00fcs etti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. 1960\u2019lar\u0131n sonundan ba\u015flayarak SSCB ile ekonomik ve ticari ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi, Arap \u00fclkeleriyle \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 daha yak\u0131n bir i\u015f birli\u011fi, \u0130slam Konferans\u0131\u2019na \u00fcyelik, AET ile ili\u015fkilere verilen \u00f6nemin artmas\u0131, Afrika a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 hep bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele al\u0131nabilir. 1974\u2019teki K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 sonras\u0131nda bu denge aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha da h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015f hatta 1978\u2019deki Ulusal Savunma Doktrini ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bat\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 keskin bir dille sorgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>1980 asker\u00ee darbesiyle beraber ABD yeniden \u00f6ncelikli h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f, \u0130slam \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkiler ABD\u2019nin ye\u015fil ku\u015fak yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na endekslenmi\u015ftir. Yine de T\u00fcrkiye denge aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan tamamen vazge\u00e7memi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div>1987\u2019de AB\u2019ye tam \u00fcyelik i\u00e7in ba\u015fvururken Ba\u015fbakan \u00d6zal, Ortak Pazar\u2019la ili\u015fkinin sadece ekonomik ve demokratikle\u015fmeye d\u00f6n\u00fck faydalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmiyordu. \u2018Bat\u0131\u2019 ile ili\u015fkilerde ABD\u2019nin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dengelemek de istiyordu. 1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla iki kutuplu d\u00fczen \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnce T\u00fcrkiye \u2018yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde\u2019 kendisini yeniden konumland\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7ine girdi. Orta Asya, Kafkasya, Karadeniz ve Balkanlar\u0131 yeni a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m alanlar\u0131 olarak belirledi. Ekonomik ve siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan bu b\u00f6lgelerde n\u00fcfuzunu art\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ABD ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapsa da, Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyindeki Amerikan faaliyetleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa sebep oldu. PKK ter\u00f6r\u00fc t\u0131rmand\u0131k\u00e7a bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131k artt\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda k\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin getirdi\u011fi f\u0131rsatlar da, tehditler de T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi. Neo-liberal ekonomik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ABD taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi do\u011frudan etkiledi. Sermayenin mill\u00ee niteli\u011fini yitirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyada T\u00fcrkiye ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke \u2018y\u00fckselen pazarlar\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019taki \u2018Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son karakolu\u2019 gitmi\u015f, \u2018y\u00fckselen pazar\u2019 gelmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye bu dalgan\u0131n ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r \u00f6dedi.<\/div>\n<div>11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019den sonra Ba\u015fkan Bush\u2019un d\u0131\u015f politika yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Clinton\u2019\u0131nkinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131yd\u0131. \u2018Sert g\u00fc\u00e7\u2019, \u2018tek tarafl\u0131l\u0131k\u2019, \u2018Amerikan istisnac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 ve \u2018\u00f6n al\u0131c\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131\u2019 Bush d\u00f6neminin ana ilkeleri oldu. Bug\u00fcne kadar al\u00e7al\u0131p y\u00fckselen T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerindeki dalgalanma da 2003\u2019te Bush d\u00f6neminde ivme kazand\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye 2002\u2019den itibaren d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda Stratejik \u00c7ok Y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe kararl\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u00f6neldi. Daha \u00f6nce te\u015febb\u00fcs seviyesinden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7meyen bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeye ekonomik ve siyasi olarak girildi. T\u00fcrk ekonomisinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi, savunma sanayiinde d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadelede yeni konseptlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi, AB ile m\u00fczakere s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flamas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, etkinli\u011fin artmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerdeki n\u00fcfuzunu da art\u0131rd\u0131. Stratejik \u00c7ok Y\u00f6nl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6renlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi hedef alan operasyonlar\u0131 da bu d\u00f6nemde ayn\u0131 oranda artt\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u0131\u015f politika \u00f6ncelikleri de gelecek haftan\u0131n konusu olsun.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n esaslar\u0131 serisinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son k\u0131sm\u0131nda 1964\u2019ten bug\u00fcne \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n nas\u0131l \u015fekillendi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirece\u011fiz. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemleri Denge Aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 (1965-1987), De\u011fi\u015fen D\u00fcnyada Yeniden Konumlanma \u00c7abalar\u0131 (1988-2001) ve Stratejik \u00c7ok Y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck D\u00f6nemi (2002-Bug\u00fcn) olarak adland\u0131rabiliriz. 5 Haziran 1964\u2019te ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Lyndon Johnson\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektupta dile getirdikleri \u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-4068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-9"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4068\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}