{"id":4062,"date":"2018-08-26T10:59:34","date_gmt":"2018-08-26T07:59:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4062"},"modified":"2024-03-07T11:21:49","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T08:21:49","slug":"turk-dis-politikasinin-esaslari-2-26-08-2018-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=4062","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n esaslar\u0131 \u2013 2 (26.08.2018) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131mda T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel belirleyenlerinin yap\u0131sal ve d\u00f6nemsel olarak ikiye ayr\u0131labilece\u011fini ifade edip, yap\u0131sal unsurlardan bahsetmi\u015ftim. \u0130ki hafta boyunca da d\u00f6nemsel unsurlara de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nemsel unsurlar\u0131, yap\u0131sal unsurlar\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7eve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle birlikte, belli bir zaman diliminde k\u00fcresel, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal seviyedeki geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6steren unsurlard\u0131r. Bunlara konjonkt\u00fcrel unsurlar da denir.<\/div>\n<div>D\u0131\u015f politikam\u0131z\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere ay\u0131rmak hem kolay hem zor bir i\u015ftir. \u015eayet uluslararas\u0131 alandaki geli\u015fmeleri kerteriz al\u0131rsan\u0131z ve k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerinin t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 sistemi etkileyen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurursan\u0131z kolayd\u0131r. Mesela, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ya da So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 birer d\u00f6nem olarak kabul eder, T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceliklerini ona g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirirsiniz. Zor olan, hem uluslararas\u0131 alan\u0131 hem de i\u00e7 dinamikleri dikkate alarak yap\u0131lacak d\u00f6nemlemedir. Mesela, ikisi de So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda bulunmakla birlikte, 1950-1964 aras\u0131ndaki d\u0131\u015f politikam\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri ile 1964-1980 d\u00f6neminin \u00f6zellikleri birbirlerinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. En zor olan\u0131 da, hem d\u0131\u015far\u0131y\u0131 hem i\u00e7eriyi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak yap\u0131land\u0131r. T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 1923\u2019ten bug\u00fcne alt\u0131 ana d\u00f6neme ay\u0131rarak incelememiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Elbette, farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemleme \u00f6nerileri olacakt\u0131r. \u0130lk yaz\u0131da oldu\u011fu gibi o konudaki \u00f6nerilerinizi de elektronik postama bekliyorum.<\/div>\n<div>Bunlar; 1-Atat\u00fcrk D\u00f6nemi (1923-1938), 2-\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi (1939-1945), 3-Bat\u0131c\u0131 D\u0131\u015f Politika D\u00f6nemi (1946-1964), 4-Denge Aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 (1965-1987), 5-De\u011fi\u015fen D\u00fcnyada Yeniden Konumlanma \u00c7abalar\u0131 (1988-2001), 6-Stratejik \u00c7ok Y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck D\u00f6nemi (2002-Bug\u00fcn).<\/div>\n<div>Birinci d\u00f6nemde hedef yeni kurulan Cumhuriyetin istikrar\u0131n\u0131, toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini temin etmekti. Atat\u00fcrk eski d\u00fc\u015fmanlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, kom\u015fular ve b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerle bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde olmay\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f politika \u00f6nceli\u011fi olarak belirlemi\u015fti. Ekseriyetle denge politikas\u0131 takip etmekle birlikte, bunun pasif bir tutum oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Devletlerin birbirleriyle ihtilaflar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin lehine \u00e7evirecek \u00e7o\u011fu giri\u015fimi do\u011fru zamanda yapm\u0131\u015f ve bu sayede \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlar elde etmi\u015fti. Lozan Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin la\u011fvedilerek yerine Montr\u00f6\u2019n\u00fcn yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye iltihak\u0131 gibi konular buna \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir. Di\u011fer yandan, \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyecek \u015fekilde Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan Musul Vilayeti\u2019nin 1926\u2019da Britanya mandas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Irak\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ise d\u00f6nemin s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fcyle yeniden bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girmekten \u00e7ekinmesinin g\u00f6stergesidir. 1925\u2019te Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ba\u015flayan ayaklanman\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u2013devletin bekas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan- Musul\u2019un al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6nemi d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise gerekti\u011fi zaman ba\u015fka devletlerle ittifaklara girilmesidir. \u0130talyan yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 1934\u2019te Balkan devletleriyle pakt kurulmas\u0131 ya da g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n yerel ve b\u00f6lgesel tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011finin temini i\u00e7in 1937\u2019de Sadabat Pakt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 b\u00f6ylesi \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/div>\n<div>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131na y\u00f6n verenlerin birincil amac\u0131 \u00fclkeyi sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmakt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye ne ekonomik ne de asker\u00ee olarak Almanya ve \u0130talya ile kap\u0131\u015facak durumdayd\u0131. Ankara\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck endi\u015fesi ise Moskova\u2019n\u0131n muhtemel f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, Britanya\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm bask\u0131lar\u0131na ve 1939 tarihli T\u00fcrkiye-Britanya-Fransa ittifak\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ra\u011fmen \u00e7e\u015fitli hukuki ve siyasi gerek\u00e7elerle sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalabildi. Uzunca bir s\u00fcre hem Almanya\u2019yla ticaretini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc hem de Britanya \u00fczerinden Amerikan asker\u00ee yard\u0131m\u0131 ald\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, 1945 ba\u015f\u0131nda Almanya ve Japonya\u2019ya sava\u015f ilan etmesine ra\u011fmen fiilen sava\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece hedefine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu. Fakat sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki tutumu ABD, Britanya ve SSCB\u2019de memnuniyetsizli\u011fe sebep olmu\u015ftu. SSCB Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisine verilmesini istiyor, ABD ve Britanya da onu hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>D\u0131\u015f politikam\u0131zdaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nem sava\u015f\u0131n bitimiyle ba\u015flar. 1946\u2019dan itibaren ABD ve SSCB birbirleriyle derin ihtilaflar ya\u015famasalard\u0131, belki Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkeleri gibi T\u00fcrkiye de SSCB\u2019nin do\u011frudan hedefi h\u00e2line gelecekti. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131, benzersiz jeopolitik konumu itibar\u0131yla rakibe kapt\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gereken bir \u00fclke olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ABD i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez k\u0131ld\u0131. Ankara bu durumun fark\u0131ndayd\u0131. F\u0131rsat\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi. Uluslararas\u0131 siyaset Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 kamplar\u0131na ayr\u0131l\u0131rken, T\u00fcrkiye Bat\u0131 ile bir arada olmay\u0131 tercih etti. E\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bir ka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen 1964\u2019e kadar T\u00fcrkiye t\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f politika \u00f6nceliklerini ABD\u2019ninkilerle e\u015fle\u015ftirdi. Bat\u0131\u2019ya ekonomik ve asker\u00ee ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n hedefleri Va\u015fington\u2019a endekslendi. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019ta yumu\u015fama d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve K\u0131br\u0131s meselesi yeni bir d\u00f6nemin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralayacakt\u0131r&#8230;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131mda T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel belirleyenlerinin yap\u0131sal ve d\u00f6nemsel olarak ikiye ayr\u0131labilece\u011fini ifade edip, yap\u0131sal unsurlardan bahsetmi\u015ftim. \u0130ki hafta boyunca da d\u00f6nemsel unsurlara de\u011finece\u011fim. T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nemsel unsurlar\u0131, yap\u0131sal unsurlar\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7eve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle birlikte, belli bir zaman diliminde k\u00fcresel, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal seviyedeki geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6steren unsurlard\u0131r. Bunlara konjonkt\u00fcrel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12713,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-4062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-9"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4062"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4062\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}