Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi d\u00f6rt ciltlik muazzam bir eseri ilim d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n hizmetine sundu. Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131 foto\u011fraf koleksiyonu \u00fczerinden Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ABD, Almanya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere ile ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6rsel bir \u015f\u00f6len e\u015fli\u011finde anlatan eser, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 himayelerinde, UNESCO T\u00fcrkiye Mill\u00ee Komisyonu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
\u015eehzadeli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde 1867\u2019de amcas\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz ile Avrupa seyahatine \u00e7\u0131kan Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki resm\u00ee programlara heyetle beraber i\u015ftirak etmi\u015f, yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avusturya ve Prusya\u2019ya da u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 33 y\u0131ll\u0131k saltanat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir daha yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na gitmedi. Fakat ba\u015fta D\u00fcvel-i Muazzama olarak tabir edilen b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerdekiler olmak \u00fczere, d\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmelerle yak\u0131ndan ilgilendi.<\/p>\n
Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra \u015fekillenen \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 temel hedefi bulunmaktayd\u0131:<\/p>\n
-Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck devletleriyle bir sava\u015fa girmemek. Bu devletler aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaflardan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn mertebe istifade etmek.<\/p>\n
-Halife unvan\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015f siyasette kullanarak, sadece Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki de\u011fil, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131ndaki manevi ba\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek.<\/p>\n
-Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki \u201chas\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d d\u0131\u015f dairedeki \u201cortaklarla\u201d dengelemeye gayret etmek.<\/p>\n
Sultan\u2019\u0131n birinci hedefine ula\u015fmada b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 1878\u2019de Kars, Ardahan ve Batum\u2019u, Avusturya-Macaristan\u2019\u0131n 1878\u2019de Bosna\u2019y\u0131, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 1881\u2019de Tunus\u2019u, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin 1878\u2019de K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131 ve 1882\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgalleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar vermi\u015fti. Sultan, Rusya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya dair planlar\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da y\u00fckselmekte olan bir ba\u015fka b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet olan Almanya ile yak\u0131nla\u015farak bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Ama bunu yaparken de, yeri geldi\u011finde \u0130ngiltere veya Fransa ile i\u015f birlikleri yapmaktan da ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan \u0130slam Birli\u011fi hedefi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in Halife unvan\u0131yla Filipinler’den, G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019ya Hindistan\u2019dan Endonezya\u2019ya t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131nca tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etti. \u00c7ok uzak yerlerde bile camiler ve okullar a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketlerini destekledi. Sultan\u2019\u0131n bu siyaseti o kadar etkiliydi ki, 1860’larda y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7en Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, 1908\u2019e kadar s\u00fcrecek olan bir s\u00fck\u00fbt d\u00f6nemine girdi. Rusya ve \u0130ngiltere kendi topraklar\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bu siyasetten etkilenmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in tedbirler almak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Son olarak, II. Abd\u00fclhamid, uzakta bulunan ama uluslararas\u0131 alanda y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7en iki \u00fclke olan ABD ve Japonya\u2019ya \u00f6zel bir ilgi g\u00f6sterdi. Ertu\u011frul gemisinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 fakat hazin bir sonla biten Japonya ziyaretini bilmeyen yoktur. Sultan, ABD ile temaslar\u0131 da s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak ve b\u00f6ylece gerekti\u011finde Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkeden asker\u00ee ve ekonomik destek alabilmesini istiyordu. Ermeni meselesi ve misyonerlerin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki faaliyetleri, ili\u015fkilerin istenilen seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na m\u00e2ni oldu.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bahsetti\u011fim eser, Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkilerini \u015fekillendirirken d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 olan foto\u011fraflar\u0131 nas\u0131l kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Sultan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin y\u00f6neticileriyle s\u0131cak ili\u015fkiler kurmak ve Osmanl\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki menfi propaganday\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in imparatorlu\u011fun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflardan alb\u00fcmler yaparak bunlar\u0131 muhataplar\u0131na yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Di\u011fer yandan yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerden foto\u011fraf alb\u00fcmleri getirterek, bazen de bizzat o \u00fclkelerin y\u00f6neticilerinden bunlar\u0131 talep ederek, s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkelerin sosyal, ekonomik, asker\u00ee ve teknolojik durumunu g\u00f6rmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6revli giden Osmanl\u0131 heyetlerinde bulunan foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alb\u00fcmler de, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde bizzat Sultan\u2019a sunuluyordu. Mesela 1898\u2019de ABD\u2019ye giden Osmanl\u0131 asker\u00ee heyetinin foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi resimler o s\u0131rada \u0130spanya ile sava\u015fan ABD\u2019nin asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc hakk\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitemizi bu k\u0131ymetli eser sebebiyle g\u00f6n\u00fclden kutluyorum.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi d\u00f6rt ciltlik muazzam bir eseri ilim d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n hizmetine sundu. Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131 foto\u011fraf koleksiyonu \u00fczerinden Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ABD, Almanya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere ile ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6rsel bir \u015f\u00f6len e\u015fli\u011finde anlatan eser, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 himayelerinde, UNESCO T\u00fcrkiye Mill\u00ee Komisyonu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-3725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-9"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3725"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3725\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}