{"id":2088,"date":"2017-10-29T15:17:23","date_gmt":"2017-10-29T13:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=2088"},"modified":"2024-03-07T13:38:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T10:38:47","slug":"avrupa-birligi-ve-parcalanma-turkiye-gazetesi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=2088","title":{"rendered":"Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve par\u00e7alanma (29.10.2017) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc Katalonya\u2019n\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131 ve \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Katalonya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fini kald\u0131rmas\u0131 kararlar\u0131 arka arkaya geldi. Avrupa Birli\u011fi s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u201ctek muhatab\u0131m\u0131z \u0130spanya\u201d diyerek, Katalonya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r zaten tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta olan bu konuda yeni bir a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f durumda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Katalonya Avrupa\u2019daki tek ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 b\u00f6lge de\u011fil. AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerde\u00a030\u2019dan fazla ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareket mevcut. \u0130spanya\u2019da Katalonya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Bask, End\u00fcl\u00fcs ve Gali\u00e7ya\u2019da ayr\u0131lma yanl\u0131s\u0131 gruplar var. Fransa\u2019da Korsika, Oksitenya ve Br\u00f6tanya, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta \u0130sko\u00e7ya ve K. \u0130rlanda (hatta Galler), Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da Flander ve Valonya, Almanya\u2019da Bavyera, Hollanda\u2019da Frizya, Polonya\u2019da Yukar\u0131 Silezya, \u0130talya\u2019da Lombardiya bu ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin \u00f6nde gelenleri… AB \u00fcyesi olmayan Avrupa \u00fclkelerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, Bosna Hersek\u2019te S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti (Republica S\u0131rpska), Kosova\u2019da Kuzey Kosova, Moldovya\u2019da Transdinyester, S\u0131rbistan\u2019da Voyvodina, \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de Jura Kantonu gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da irili ufakl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede de \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 siyasi hareketler varl\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki t\u00fcm ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletlerini kurmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu k\u0131tadaki devlet say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 100\u2019\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olacak. Elbette bu Avrupa Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan da, AB\u2019yi olu\u015fturan \u00fcye devletler taraf\u0131ndan da kabul edilebilir bir durum de\u011fil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi son derece hayati bir testten ge\u00e7iyor. Bu Brexit\u2019ten de, finansal buhrandan da daha y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 tesirleri olabilecek bir dalgaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Ve meselenin bu seviyelere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda AB\u2019nin de az\u0131msanamayacak bir pay\u0131 var.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uluslar\u00fcst\u00fc (supranasyonel<\/strong>) bir \u00f6rg\u00fct olma iddias\u0131ndaki AB projesinin \u00f6z\u00fcnde, mill\u00ee\u00a0devletlerin egemenlik yetkilerinin kademe kademe AB organlar\u0131na devredilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yer al\u0131yor. 1993\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Maastricht Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla ekonomik alandaki egemenlik yetkilerinin devri h\u0131z kazand\u0131. Takip eden 20 y\u0131l boyunca yap\u0131lan yeni antla\u015fmalarla, siyasi egemenlik alan\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere \u00fcye devletler evvelce m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kendi anayasal kurumlar\u0131na ait olan bir\u00e7ok yetkilerinden Br\u00fcksel lehine vazge\u00e7tiler. \u015eayet AB Anayasal Antla\u015fmas\u0131 2005\u2019te Fransa ve Hollanda\u2019da yap\u0131lan referandumlarda reddedilmemi\u015f olsayd\u0131, \u00fcye devletler d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri ve savunma alanlar\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 yetkilerini de devretmi\u015f olacaklard\u0131. Ama orada frene bas\u0131ld\u0131. Lizbon Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile \u201ctam siyasi b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme\u201d hedefi daha ileri bir tarihe ertelenmi\u015f oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

1957\u2019deki Roma Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bir milat kabul edersek, yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 y\u0131la yay\u0131lan \u201c\u00fcye devletlerin egemenliklerinden Br\u00fcksel lehine vazge\u00e7meleri\u201d s\u00fcrecinde, Br\u00fcksel\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakibi merkez\u00ee\u00a0h\u00fck\u00fbmetler, en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc destek\u00e7isi ise yerel y\u00f6netimler oldu. S\u00f6z konusu yerel y\u00f6netimler de t\u0131pk\u0131 AB gibi, merkez\u00ee\u00a0h\u00fck\u00fbmetlerden daha fazla yetki almak istediklerinden b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Br\u00fcksel\u2019le birlikte hareket ettiler. AB\u2019yi kuran Maastricht Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ilkelerinden biri olan\u00a0subsidiarite<\/strong>\u00a0(yerindelik, yerellik, yersellik, yetki ikamesi) i\u015fte bu \u201cAB-yerel y\u00f6netimler koalisyonu\u201dnun meyvesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

AB uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmakta epey zorland\u0131klar\u0131 bu ilkeye g\u00f6re, bir i\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fin gereken yetki\/sorumluluk, o i\u015fle ilgili olarak halka en yak\u0131n birime aittir. Bunlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla, eyalet, \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim, belediye gibi farkl\u0131 isimler ta\u015f\u0131yan yerel y\u00f6netimlerdir. \u015eayet o birim bu sorumlulu\u011fun gere\u011fini yerine getirmekte zorlan\u0131yorsa, o h\u00e2lde yetki bir \u00fcst makama ge\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ster istemez\u00a0subsidiarite<\/strong>\u00a0ilkesinin AB \u00fclkelerinde uygulanmas\u0131 merkez\u00ee\u00a0otoriteye ait bir\u00e7ok yetkinin yerel y\u00f6netimlere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu ilkenin \u00f6z\u00fcnde, bir i\u015fin daha verimli \u015fekilde, daha az maliyetle ve karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 i\u015fletilmesiyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi vard\u0131. Ama yerel seviyedeki yetkilerin ve siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn artmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle tarihsel olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n var oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde, merkez\u00ee\u00a0h\u00fck\u00fbmetle ba\u011flar\u0131n iyice zay\u0131flat\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde sonu\u00e7lar da do\u011furdu.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki, \u201cKatalonya referandumu\u201d bir yandan AB\u2019nin \u201chalklar Avrupas\u0131\u201d in\u015fa etme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini derinden sarsacak, di\u011fer yandan da\u00a0subsidiarite<\/strong>\u00a0ilkesinin mevcut uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesine yol a\u00e7acak. Unutmayal\u0131m, t\u00fcm devletler ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa refleks g\u00f6sterir. En yayg\u0131n refleks merkez\u00ee\u00a0h\u00fck\u00fbmetlerin evvelce terk ettikleri egemenlik alanlar\u0131na yeniden ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00f6nmeleri \u015feklinde olur. AB\u2019de b\u00f6yle bir e\u011filimin y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mesi ise uluslar\u00fcst\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yani AB\u2019yi tarihe g\u00f6mer.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 en i\u00e7ten duygular\u0131mla kutluyorum.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc Katalonya\u2019n\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131 ve \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Katalonya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fini kald\u0131rmas\u0131 kararlar\u0131 arka arkaya geldi. Avrupa Birli\u011fi s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u201ctek muhatab\u0131m\u0131z \u0130spanya\u201d diyerek, Katalonya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r zaten tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta olan bu konuda yeni bir a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f durumda. Katalonya Avrupa\u2019daki tek ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 b\u00f6lge de\u011fil. AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerde\u00a030\u2019dan fazla ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareket […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12852,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-2088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-10"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2088"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2088\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}