{"id":2082,"date":"2017-09-15T15:16:11","date_gmt":"2017-09-15T12:16:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=2082"},"modified":"2024-03-07T13:44:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T10:44:25","slug":"osmanli-amerikan-iliskilerinden-bir-kesit-turkiye-gazetesi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=2082","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinden bir kesit (15.09.2017) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"publications\" class=\"page currentpage\" data-pos=\"p2\">\n<div class=\"custom-content\">\n<div id=\"blog-content\">\n<div id=\"ajax-single-post\" class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n<div id=\"ajax-single-post\" class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"page-contents color-1\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"section-container\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bitimine kadar ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir seyir izler. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ticaret, misyonerlerin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki faaliyetleri ve Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketlere ABD\u2019nin deste\u011fi gibi konular etraf\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fmakla birlikte, zaman zaman genel \u00e7er\u00e7evenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan ilgin\u00e7 konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 da ikili ili\u015fkilerin tarihinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn bunlardan birini anlataca\u011f\u0131m. 2000\u2019de Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m &#8220;Osmanl\u0131-ABD Diplomatik \u0130li\u015fkileri&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 doktora tezim i\u00e7in Amerikan ar\u015fivlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dikkatimi \u00e7eken bu hadise, ABD konsolosluk g\u00f6revlilerinin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki diplomatik ili\u015fkilere nas\u0131l aksetti\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir \u00f6rnek olma niteli\u011fini haiz. ABD\u2019nin eski Pire Konsolosu Henry M. Canfield ile Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu\u2019nda g\u00f6revli \u0130ngiliz as\u0131ll\u0131 Albay Eugene O\u2019Reilly 1868\u2019de Suriye\u2019de bir isyan hareketine kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 Mustafa Faz\u0131l Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 Suriye \u201cH\u0131divli\u011fine\u201d getirerek, M\u0131s\u0131r H\u0131divli\u011finin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 yapmak, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da b\u00f6lgede bir koloni arazisi elde etmekti. Canfield ve O\u2019Reilly, Macar as\u0131ll\u0131 bir ABD vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan Albay Alexander Romer\u2019i de aralar\u0131na alarak b\u00f6lgede adam toplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Hatta 1868 yaz\u0131nda sat\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 ABD band\u0131ral\u0131 bir gemiyle Suriye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na silah ve m\u00fchimmat ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, 100 silahl\u0131 ki\u015fiyle Hama yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki iki k\u00f6ye sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ama Suriye Valisi Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ordu bu isyanc\u0131lar\u0131 ezdi. Aralar\u0131nda ABD vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011fu sa\u011f kalan isyanc\u0131lar \u015eam\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp hapsedildi. ABD\u2019nin Beyrut Ba\u015fkonsolosu, Amerikan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131n\u0131n, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 1830\u2019da imzalanan anla\u015fman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 makamlar\u0131nca yarg\u0131lanamayaca\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla Suriye Valisi Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019ya bir protesto mektubu yollad\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fma Amerikal\u0131lara b\u00f6yle bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131k vermemekte, ancak Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 mahkemelerinde yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir terc\u00fcman\u0131n bulundurulmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemekteydi. Bunun \u00fczerine Beyrut Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu k\u00e2tibi \u015eam\u2019daki sorgulamalara terc\u00fcman olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu arada, Beyrut Ba\u015fkonsolosu ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Seward\u2019a arka arkaya mektuplar yollayarak, hapishane \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu ve ABD vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sal\u0131verilmesi i\u00e7in ABD\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019ne bask\u0131 yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini yazd\u0131. Dahas\u0131, konuyla ilgili haberler kas\u0131m ay\u0131ndan itibaren ABD gazetelerinde tamamen tek tarafl\u0131 ve abart\u0131l\u0131 olarak yer almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Washington\u2019dan gelen talimatla harekete ge\u00e7en \u0130stanbul\u2019daki ABD El\u00e7isi Morris 12 Aral\u0131k 1868\u2019de Bab\u0131ali\u2019ye bir nota vererek, Amerikan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Hariciye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Safvet Pa\u015fa bu talebi reddederken, s\u00f6z konusu Amerikal\u0131lar yarg\u0131lanmak \u00fczere \u015eam\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a nakledildiler. Washington\u2019un Amerikan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 konusundaki \u0131srar\u0131 devam etti. ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi nihayet 15 Mart 1868\u2019de Sadrazam \u00c2li Pa\u015fa\u2019dan bir randevu alabildi. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede bir kez daha 1830 Anla\u015fmas\u0131na vurgu yapan ABD El\u00e7isine, anla\u015fman\u0131n su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 mahkemelerinde yarg\u0131lanmayacaklar\u0131 ya da cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmayacaklar\u0131 gibi bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131. Yine de, ABD el\u00e7isinin Sadrazam\u2019la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinden sadece iki g\u00fcn sonra ABD vatanda\u015flar\u0131 Canfield ve Romer, Osmanl\u0131 makamlar\u0131nca serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar; derhal bir gemiye bindirilerek s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildiler. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin hukuken son derece hakl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu iki silahl\u0131 isyanc\u0131y\u0131 ni\u00e7in cezaland\u0131rmadan s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etti\u011fine dair ar\u015fivlerde bir kayda rastlamad\u0131m. Bence sadece bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 var. Silahl\u0131 isyan su\u00e7unun cezas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm oldu\u011fundan ve bu iki ABD vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131 durumunda \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ceza almalar\u0131 ihtimali bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ABD ile gerilimi daha da art\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in Bab\u0131ali b\u00f6yle bir siyasi tercihte bulunmu\u015f olabilir. Ama b\u00f6yle bir geri ad\u0131m\u0131n da, ABD\u2019yi cesaretlendirdi\u011fi, bu t\u00fcr olaylarda gayet c\u00fcretk\u00e2r ve kendisini her zaman hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir tav\u0131r i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fi de unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde bilhassa Ermeni Meselesi kapsam\u0131nda ABD vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00e2hil olduklar\u0131 devlete kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131nda da, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin bu yumu\u015fak tutumunun etkisi vard\u0131r. Yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, bu ilgin\u00e7 olayda s\u00fcrekli at\u0131f yap\u0131lan 1830 Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 4. Maddesini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle aktararak sonland\u0131ral\u0131m: \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ile ABD vatanda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir dava olursa, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde bir Amerikan dragoman\u0131 (terc\u00fcman\u0131) bulunmadan karara var\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. 500 kuru\u015fu ge\u00e7en durumlarda ise durum Bab\u0131\u00e2li\u2019ye aktar\u0131lacak ve e\u015fitlik ve adalet kavramlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirilecektir.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"research\" class=\"page\" data-pos=\"p1\">\n<div class=\"pageheader\">\n<div class=\"headercontent\">\n<div class=\"section-container\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bitimine kadar ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir seyir izler. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ticaret, misyonerlerin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki faaliyetleri ve Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketlere ABD\u2019nin deste\u011fi gibi konular etraf\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fmakla birlikte, zaman zaman genel \u00e7er\u00e7evenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan ilgin\u00e7 konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 da ikili ili\u015fkilerin tarihinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn bunlardan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12864,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-2082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-10"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2082"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2082\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}