{"id":1929,"date":"2016-10-30T14:22:07","date_gmt":"2016-10-30T12:22:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1929"},"modified":"2024-03-07T14:40:35","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T11:40:35","slug":"abd-baskani-nasil-secilir-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1929","title":{"rendered":"ABD BA\u015eKANI NASIL SE\u00c7\u0130L\u0130R? (30.10.2016) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da ABD\u2019de se\u00e7im var. Amerikal\u0131lar ba\u015fkan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Senato \u00fcyelerinin 34\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc ve Temsilciler Meclisi\u2019nin tamam\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ecekler. 1845\u2019te ABD Kongresi \u2018d\u00f6rde kalans\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen y\u0131llardaki Kas\u0131m ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk pazartesini takip eden ilk sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 ABD\u2019de se\u00e7im g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ilan etmi\u015f. O zamandan beri de ABD\u2019de d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, iki y\u0131lda bir de Temsilciler Meclisi, Senato, valilik ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc se\u00e7imle i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelinen makam i\u00e7in vatanda\u015flar sand\u0131\u011fa gidiyorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fumuz Amerikan ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n iki d\u00f6nem yani basit bir aritmetik hesab\u0131yla 4+4 en fazla sekiz y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu bilgi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1951\u2019e kadar ba\u015fkan\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresiyle ilgili bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama bulunmamaktayd\u0131. O y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u2018ABD Anayasas\u0131ndaki 22 numaral\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe\u2019 g\u00f6re, ba\u015fkan\u0131n en fazla iki kez \u2018se\u00e7im yoluyla\u2019 g\u00f6reve gelebilece\u011fi, \u2018se\u00e7im yoluyla g\u00f6reve gelmeyen bir ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u2019 ise se\u00e7ime gitmeden \u00f6nce en fazla iki y\u0131l g\u00f6revde kalabilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi azami olarak sekiz de\u011fil 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r. \u015eayet g\u00f6revdeki ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcr, istifa eder veya Kongre taraf\u0131ndan azledilirse, ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, onun da ba\u015f\u0131na bir \u015fey gelirse, Temsilciler Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Ba\u015fkan\u0131n geri kalan g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi kadar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapabilir. Ard\u0131ndan da iki kez se\u00e7imle gelebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Barack Obama daha \u00f6nce 2008 ve 2012\u2019de se\u00e7im kazanarak ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir kez daha aday olma \u015fans\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Demokrat Parti\u2019nin \u00f6n se\u00e7imlerinde rakiplerini geride b\u0131rakan eski D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Hillary Clinton 8 Kas\u0131m \u00f6ncesinde t\u00fcm kamuoyu yoklamalar\u0131nda \u00f6nde g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Clinton\u2019un rakibi ise kamuoyunda Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti diye bilinen ama resm\u00ee ad\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Eski Parti (Grand Old Party-GOP) olan siyasi partiden Donald Trump.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yine yayg\u0131n bir yanl\u0131\u015f bilginin aksine ABD\u2019de sadece iki siyasi parti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k i\u00e7in de sadece iki isim yar\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor. Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019den Jill Stein ve Libertaryen Parti\u2019den Gary Johnson da 20\u2019den fazla eyalette ba\u015fkanl\u0131k i\u00e7in yar\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, isimlerini belki de bug\u00fcne kadar hi\u00e7 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z Anayasa Partisi, Reform Partisi, Sosyalizm ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Partisi gibi partiler de ba\u015fkan adaylar\u0131n\u0131 baz\u0131 eyaletlerde yar\u0131\u015fa sokmu\u015f durumdalar. Clinton ve Trump d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hi\u00e7bir aday\u0131n ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilme ihtimali bulunmuyor. Fakat \u2018ba\u015fkan se\u00e7tirmeme\u2019 g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olanlar var. Mesela \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ge\u00e7en 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7iminde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Demokrat Parti taban\u0131ndan oy alarak %2,7\u2019ye ula\u015fan Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019den Ralph Nader, Demokrat Ba\u015fkan Aday\u0131 Al Gore\u2019un se\u00e7imi kaybetmesinin en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Demokratlardan Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019ye kayan oylar Clinton\u2019un, Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerden ise Libertaryenlere giden oylar Trump\u2019un i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmakta.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadaki bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeden farkl\u0131 olarak ABD\u2019de en \u00e7ok oyu alan de\u011fil, en \u00e7ok ikincil se\u00e7meni kazanan aday ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturuyor. 2000 se\u00e7imlerini bir kez daha hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m: Se\u00e7imi kaybeden Al Gore\u2019un oylar\u0131, ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilen George Bush\u2019un oylar\u0131ndan daha fazlayd\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir durum ABD siyasi tarihinde d\u00f6rt kez ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kincil Se\u00e7menler (Electoral College) toplam 538 ki\u015fi. Bu rakam Temsilciler Meclisi (435), Senato (100) ve federal ba\u015fkent Washington D.C.\u2019ye (3) ait ikincil se\u00e7menlerin toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Her eyaletin ikincil se\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 o eyaletin Temsilciler Meclisi ve Senato\u2019daki \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Mesela Kaliforniya\u2019n\u0131n 55, Teksas\u2019\u0131n 38, Florida\u2019n\u0131n 29 ikincil se\u00e7meni bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019yi olu\u015fturan eyaletlerde adaylardan biri rakiplerinden bir oy bile fazla alsa, o eyaletin ikincil se\u00e7menlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kazan\u0131yor. \u0130kincil se\u00e7men say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, adaylar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 oy oran\u0131na g\u00f6re payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. \u00d6yle olunca da, ABD halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun oy verdi\u011fi aday her zaman ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan birinci \u00e7\u0131kamayabiliyor. \u0130kincil se\u00e7menler, ba\u015fkan ve ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 oy veriyorlar. En az 270 oyu alan g\u00f6reve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f oluyor. \u015eayet hi\u00e7bir aday 270 oy alamazsa -ki ikiden fazla aday\u0131n oldu\u011fu se\u00e7imlerde bu ihtimal var- ABD Anayasas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re ba\u015fkan\u0131 Temsilciler Meclisi, ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise Senato se\u00e7iyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Se\u00e7imle ilgili buraya s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131m k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama \u00f6nemli bir\u00e7ok teknik ayr\u0131nt\u0131 daha var. Bakal\u0131m 8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da sonucu t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada merakla beklenen bu yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kim kazanacak?<\/span><\/p>\n

30.10.2016<\/span><\/p>\n

8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da ABD\u2019de se\u00e7im var. Amerikal\u0131lar ba\u015fkan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Senato \u00fcyelerinin 34\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc ve Temsilciler Meclisi\u2019nin tamam\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ecekler. 1845\u2019te ABD Kongresi \u2018d\u00f6rde kalans\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen y\u0131llardaki Kas\u0131m ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk pazartesini takip eden ilk sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 ABD\u2019de se\u00e7im g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ilan etmi\u015f. O zamandan beri de ABD\u2019de d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, iki y\u0131lda bir de Temsilciler Meclisi, Senato, valilik ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc se\u00e7imle i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelinen makam i\u00e7in vatanda\u015flar sand\u0131\u011fa gidiyorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fumuz Amerikan ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n iki d\u00f6nem yani basit bir aritmetik hesab\u0131yla 4+4 en fazla sekiz y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu bilgi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1951\u2019e kadar ba\u015fkan\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresiyle ilgili bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama bulunmamaktayd\u0131. O y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u2018ABD Anayasas\u0131ndaki 22 numaral\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe\u2019 g\u00f6re, ba\u015fkan\u0131n en fazla iki kez \u2018se\u00e7im yoluyla\u2019 g\u00f6reve gelebilece\u011fi, \u2018se\u00e7im yoluyla g\u00f6reve gelmeyen bir ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u2019 ise se\u00e7ime gitmeden \u00f6nce en fazla iki y\u0131l g\u00f6revde kalabilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi azami olarak sekiz de\u011fil 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r. \u015eayet g\u00f6revdeki ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcr, istifa eder veya Kongre taraf\u0131ndan azledilirse, ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, onun da ba\u015f\u0131na bir \u015fey gelirse, Temsilciler Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Ba\u015fkan\u0131n geri kalan g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi kadar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapabilir. Ard\u0131ndan da iki kez se\u00e7imle gelebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Barack Obama daha \u00f6nce 2008 ve 2012\u2019de se\u00e7im kazanarak ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir kez daha aday olma \u015fans\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Demokrat Parti\u2019nin \u00f6n se\u00e7imlerinde rakiplerini geride b\u0131rakan eski D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Hillary Clinton 8 Kas\u0131m \u00f6ncesinde t\u00fcm kamuoyu yoklamalar\u0131nda \u00f6nde g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Clinton\u2019un rakibi ise kamuoyunda Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti diye bilinen ama resm\u00ee ad\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Eski Parti (Grand Old Party-GOP) olan siyasi partiden Donald Trump.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yine yayg\u0131n bir yanl\u0131\u015f bilginin aksine ABD\u2019de sadece iki siyasi parti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k i\u00e7in de sadece iki isim yar\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor. Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019den Jill Stein ve Libertaryen Parti\u2019den Gary Johnson da 20\u2019den fazla eyalette ba\u015fkanl\u0131k i\u00e7in yar\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, isimlerini belki de bug\u00fcne kadar hi\u00e7 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z Anayasa Partisi, Reform Partisi, Sosyalizm ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Partisi gibi partiler de ba\u015fkan adaylar\u0131n\u0131 baz\u0131 eyaletlerde yar\u0131\u015fa sokmu\u015f durumdalar. Clinton ve Trump d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hi\u00e7bir aday\u0131n ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilme ihtimali bulunmuyor. Fakat \u2018ba\u015fkan se\u00e7tirmeme\u2019 g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olanlar var. Mesela \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ge\u00e7en 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7iminde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Demokrat Parti taban\u0131ndan oy alarak %2,7\u2019ye ula\u015fan Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019den Ralph Nader, Demokrat Ba\u015fkan Aday\u0131 Al Gore\u2019un se\u00e7imi kaybetmesinin en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Demokratlardan Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019ye kayan oylar Clinton\u2019un, Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerden ise Libertaryenlere giden oylar Trump\u2019un i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmakta.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadaki bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeden farkl\u0131 olarak ABD\u2019de en \u00e7ok oyu alan de\u011fil, en \u00e7ok ikincil se\u00e7meni kazanan aday ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturuyor. 2000 se\u00e7imlerini bir kez daha hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m: Se\u00e7imi kaybeden Al Gore\u2019un oylar\u0131, ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilen George Bush\u2019un oylar\u0131ndan daha fazlayd\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir durum ABD siyasi tarihinde d\u00f6rt kez ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kincil Se\u00e7menler (Electoral College) toplam 538 ki\u015fi. Bu rakam Temsilciler Meclisi (435), Senato (100) ve federal ba\u015fkent Washington D.C.\u2019ye (3) ait ikincil se\u00e7menlerin toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Her eyaletin ikincil se\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 o eyaletin Temsilciler Meclisi ve Senato\u2019daki \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Mesela Kaliforniya\u2019n\u0131n 55, Teksas\u2019\u0131n 38, Florida\u2019n\u0131n 29 ikincil se\u00e7meni bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019yi olu\u015fturan eyaletlerde adaylardan biri rakiplerinden bir oy bile fazla alsa, o eyaletin ikincil se\u00e7menlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kazan\u0131yor. \u0130kincil se\u00e7men say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, adaylar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 oy oran\u0131na g\u00f6re payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. \u00d6yle olunca da, ABD halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun oy verdi\u011fi aday her zaman ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan birinci \u00e7\u0131kamayabiliyor. \u0130kincil se\u00e7menler, ba\u015fkan ve ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 oy veriyorlar. En az 270 oyu alan g\u00f6reve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f oluyor. \u015eayet hi\u00e7bir aday 270 oy alamazsa -ki ikiden fazla aday\u0131n oldu\u011fu se\u00e7imlerde bu ihtimal var- ABD Anayasas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re ba\u015fkan\u0131 Temsilciler Meclisi, ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise Senato se\u00e7iyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Se\u00e7imle ilgili buraya s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131m k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama \u00f6nemli bir\u00e7ok teknik ayr\u0131nt\u0131 daha var. Bakal\u0131m 8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da sonucu t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada merakla beklenen bu yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kim kazanacak?<\/span><\/p>\n

30.10.2016<\/span><\/p>\n

8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da ABD\u2019de se\u00e7im var. Amerikal\u0131lar ba\u015fkan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Senato \u00fcyelerinin 34\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc ve Temsilciler Meclisi\u2019nin tamam\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ecekler. 1845\u2019te ABD Kongresi \u2018d\u00f6rde kalans\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen y\u0131llardaki Kas\u0131m ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk pazartesini takip eden ilk sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 ABD\u2019de se\u00e7im g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ilan etmi\u015f. O zamandan beri de ABD\u2019de d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, iki y\u0131lda bir de Temsilciler Meclisi, Senato, valilik ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc se\u00e7imle i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelinen makam i\u00e7in vatanda\u015flar sand\u0131\u011fa gidiyorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fumuz Amerikan ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n iki d\u00f6nem yani basit bir aritmetik hesab\u0131yla 4+4 en fazla sekiz y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu bilgi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1951\u2019e kadar ba\u015fkan\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresiyle ilgili bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama bulunmamaktayd\u0131. O y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u2018ABD Anayasas\u0131ndaki 22 numaral\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe\u2019 g\u00f6re, ba\u015fkan\u0131n en fazla iki kez \u2018se\u00e7im yoluyla\u2019 g\u00f6reve gelebilece\u011fi, \u2018se\u00e7im yoluyla g\u00f6reve gelmeyen bir ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u2019 ise se\u00e7ime gitmeden \u00f6nce en fazla iki y\u0131l g\u00f6revde kalabilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi azami olarak sekiz de\u011fil 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r. \u015eayet g\u00f6revdeki ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcr, istifa eder veya Kongre taraf\u0131ndan azledilirse, ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, onun da ba\u015f\u0131na bir \u015fey gelirse, Temsilciler Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Ba\u015fkan\u0131n geri kalan g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi kadar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapabilir. Ard\u0131ndan da iki kez se\u00e7imle gelebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Barack Obama daha \u00f6nce 2008 ve 2012\u2019de se\u00e7im kazanarak ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir kez daha aday olma \u015fans\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Demokrat Parti\u2019nin \u00f6n se\u00e7imlerinde rakiplerini geride b\u0131rakan eski D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Hillary Clinton 8 Kas\u0131m \u00f6ncesinde t\u00fcm kamuoyu yoklamalar\u0131nda \u00f6nde g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Clinton\u2019un rakibi ise kamuoyunda Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti diye bilinen ama resm\u00ee ad\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Eski Parti (Grand Old Party-GOP) olan siyasi partiden Donald Trump.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yine yayg\u0131n bir yanl\u0131\u015f bilginin aksine ABD\u2019de sadece iki siyasi parti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k i\u00e7in de sadece iki isim yar\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor. Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019den Jill Stein ve Libertaryen Parti\u2019den Gary Johnson da 20\u2019den fazla eyalette ba\u015fkanl\u0131k i\u00e7in yar\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, isimlerini belki de bug\u00fcne kadar hi\u00e7 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z Anayasa Partisi, Reform Partisi, Sosyalizm ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Partisi gibi partiler de ba\u015fkan adaylar\u0131n\u0131 baz\u0131 eyaletlerde yar\u0131\u015fa sokmu\u015f durumdalar. Clinton ve Trump d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hi\u00e7bir aday\u0131n ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilme ihtimali bulunmuyor. Fakat \u2018ba\u015fkan se\u00e7tirmeme\u2019 g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olanlar var. Mesela \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ge\u00e7en 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7iminde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Demokrat Parti taban\u0131ndan oy alarak %2,7\u2019ye ula\u015fan Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019den Ralph Nader, Demokrat Ba\u015fkan Aday\u0131 Al Gore\u2019un se\u00e7imi kaybetmesinin en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Demokratlardan Ye\u015fil Parti\u2019ye kayan oylar Clinton\u2019un, Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerden ise Libertaryenlere giden oylar Trump\u2019un i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmakta.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadaki bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeden farkl\u0131 olarak ABD\u2019de en \u00e7ok oyu alan de\u011fil, en \u00e7ok ikincil se\u00e7meni kazanan aday ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturuyor. 2000 se\u00e7imlerini bir kez daha hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m: Se\u00e7imi kaybeden Al Gore\u2019un oylar\u0131, ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilen George Bush\u2019un oylar\u0131ndan daha fazlayd\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir durum ABD siyasi tarihinde d\u00f6rt kez ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kincil Se\u00e7menler (Electoral College) toplam 538 ki\u015fi. Bu rakam Temsilciler Meclisi (435), Senato (100) ve federal ba\u015fkent Washington D.C.\u2019ye (3) ait ikincil se\u00e7menlerin toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Her eyaletin ikincil se\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 o eyaletin Temsilciler Meclisi ve Senato\u2019daki \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Mesela Kaliforniya\u2019n\u0131n 55, Teksas\u2019\u0131n 38, Florida\u2019n\u0131n 29 ikincil se\u00e7meni bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019yi olu\u015fturan eyaletlerde adaylardan biri rakiplerinden bir oy bile fazla alsa, o eyaletin ikincil se\u00e7menlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kazan\u0131yor. \u0130kincil se\u00e7men say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, adaylar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 oy oran\u0131na g\u00f6re payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. \u00d6yle olunca da, ABD halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun oy verdi\u011fi aday her zaman ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan birinci \u00e7\u0131kamayabiliyor. \u0130kincil se\u00e7menler, ba\u015fkan ve ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 oy veriyorlar. En az 270 oyu alan g\u00f6reve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f oluyor. \u015eayet hi\u00e7bir aday 270 oy alamazsa -ki ikiden fazla aday\u0131n oldu\u011fu se\u00e7imlerde bu ihtimal var- ABD Anayasas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re ba\u015fkan\u0131 Temsilciler Meclisi, ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise Senato se\u00e7iyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Se\u00e7imle ilgili buraya s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131m k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama \u00f6nemli bir\u00e7ok teknik ayr\u0131nt\u0131 daha var. Bakal\u0131m 8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da sonucu t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada merakla beklenen bu yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kim kazanacak?<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da ABD\u2019de se\u00e7im var. Amerikal\u0131lar ba\u015fkan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Senato \u00fcyelerinin 34\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc ve Temsilciler Meclisi\u2019nin tamam\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ecekler. 1845\u2019te ABD Kongresi \u2018d\u00f6rde kalans\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen y\u0131llardaki Kas\u0131m ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk pazartesini takip eden ilk sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 ABD\u2019de se\u00e7im g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ilan etmi\u015f. O zamandan beri de ABD\u2019de d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, iki y\u0131lda bir de Temsilciler Meclisi, Senato, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[11],"class_list":["post-1929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete","tag-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1929\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}