{"id":1743,"date":"2015-11-15T15:31:58","date_gmt":"2015-11-15T13:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1743"},"modified":"2024-03-07T17:06:16","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T14:06:16","slug":"100-yil-sonra-birinci-dunya-savasi-ve-ortadogu-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1743","title":{"rendered":"100 Y\u0131l Sonra Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Ortado\u011fu (15.11.2015) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu ve T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta i\u00e7inde uluslararas\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sempozyumu d\u00fczenledi. Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl, Ege ve Katip \u00c7elebi \u00fcniversitelerinin deste\u011fiyle \u0130zmir’de d\u00fczenlenen sempozyuma T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnyadan 150 bilim insan\u0131 bildiri sunarak kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00dczerinden bir as\u0131r ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen uzun vadeli etkilerini h\u00e2len hissetmekte oldu\u011fumuz \u0096 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde verilen ismiyle \u0096 B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f’\u0131n d\u00fcnya siyasi, iktisadi ve toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi inkar edilemez bir ger\u00e7ek. Bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00e7iye g\u00f6re 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l asl\u0131nda Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’yla bitti. Yine bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00e7i, 1914-1945 d\u00f6neminde ard\u0131 ard\u0131na ya\u015fanan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131n asl\u0131nda tek bir sava\u015f\u0131n safhalar\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesinin daha do\u011fru oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

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10 milyon insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne, 20 milyondan fazla insan\u0131n sakat kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an sava\u015f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli siyasi sonucu d\u00f6rt imparatorlu\u011fun birden \u00e7\u00f6kmesidir. Almanya, Avusturya-Macaristan, Osmanl\u0131 ve Rusya imparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla birlikte \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tan\u0131n siyasi haritalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana geldi. D\u00fcnya sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ikinci safhas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilecek \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra da Bel\u00e7ika, Fransa, Hollanda, \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130talya’n\u0131n deniz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeden kurtulu\u015f hareketleri h\u0131z kazand\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sava\u015f\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi \u015fartlar ve sava\u015ftan sonra galiplerin ma\u011fluplara dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f d\u00fczenlemeleri, fa\u015fizm, kom\u00fcnizm ve nazizm gibi totaliter ideolojilerin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde rejim haline gelmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130talya ve Almanya’daki totaliter rejimler \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n bitmesiyle ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f olsa da, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra kurulan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ndeki uygulama 1990’lara kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Di\u011fer yandan, farkl\u0131 boyutlar\u0131yla fa\u015fizm ve kom\u00fcnizm Latin Amerika’dan \u00c7in’e, Afrika’dan Do\u011fu Avrupa ve Balkanlara uzun bir s\u00fcre g\u00fcndemde kalmaya devam etti.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, Ortado\u011fu’daki d\u00fczeni ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Esasen, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f’\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri de Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki topraklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmekti. Zira 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren “Do\u011fu Sorunu” olarak isimlendirilen zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f olan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun mukadder g\u00f6r\u00fclen inhitat\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabart\u0131yordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sava\u015f devam ederken 1916’da \u0130ngiltere-Fransa ve Rusya aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve Sykes-Picot-Sazanov anla\u015fmas\u0131 olarak bilinen d\u00fczenleme tamamen Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l payla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131yla ilgiliydi. \u0130ngilizler e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak Ha\u015fimi kabilesinin lideri \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin’i, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Arap krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleme vaadiyle Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 ayakland\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u015e\u00fcphesiz bunlar kadar, \u0130ngiltere D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Arthur Balfour’un D\u00fcnya Siyonist Kongresi ba\u015fkan\u0131 Lord Rotschild’a bir mektup g\u00f6ndererek, sava\u015ftan sonra Filistin topraklar\u0131nda Yahudiler i\u00e7in milli bir yurt kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 destekledi\u011fini bildirmesi de sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Ortado\u011fu haritas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. Rusya’da 1917’de devrim olup da bu \u00fclke sava\u015ftan \u00e7ekilince, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131 diledikleri gibi payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in kollar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131vad\u0131lar. 1920’deki San Remo Konferans\u0131’nda bu iki devlet, art\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f ve payitaht\u0131 i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Ortado\u011fu topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi aralar\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ferek, n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131 (manda idareleri) olu\u015fturdular.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem Ortado\u011fu tarihi konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, son 100 y\u0131ld\u0131r bu b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fanan ve halen devam etmekte olan sorunlar\u0131n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda Avrupal\u0131 devletlerin b\u00f6lgeye m\u00fcdahaleleri sebebiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyorlar. B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dinsel, etnik, ekonomik \u00f6zellikleri dikkate al\u0131nmadan, sadece m\u00fcdahaleci d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00e7\u0131kar \u00f6ncelikleri do\u011frultusunda yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan Ortado\u011fu hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00e7ivi tutmad\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra ABD ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin de b\u00f6lgeye girmeleri, ideolojik m\u00fccadele g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcndeki \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirdi; istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bug\u00fcn G-20 toplant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in Antalya’da bir araya gelerek, ba\u015fta Ortado\u011fu’da ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele ve Suriye’nin gelece\u011fi olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok konuda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bulunacak olan liderlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, kendi \u00fclkelerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Ortado\u011fu’ya ili\u015fkin takip ettikleri politikalar\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n temel sebebi oldu\u011funun bilinciyle hareket etseler, belki de sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir psikolojik e\u015fik a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak. Ama g\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan bu yana de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey yok. “B\u00f6l ve y\u00f6net”, “d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 dostumdur”, “bana hizmet eden ter\u00f6rist iyi ter\u00f6risttir”, “benim olsun, demokratik olmas\u0131n” gibi anlay\u0131\u015flar bug\u00fcn de b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin Ortado\u011fu’ya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6n vermeye devam ediyor.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu ve T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta i\u00e7inde uluslararas\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sempozyumu d\u00fczenledi. Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl, Ege ve Katip \u00c7elebi \u00fcniversitelerinin deste\u011fiyle \u0130zmir’de d\u00fczenlenen sempozyuma T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnyadan 150 bilim insan\u0131 bildiri sunarak kat\u0131ld\u0131.   \u00dczerinden bir as\u0131r ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen uzun vadeli etkilerini h\u00e2len hissetmekte oldu\u011fumuz \u0096 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}