Temmuz’da \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Benyamin Netanyahu’nun konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 72 kez ayakta alk\u0131\u015flayan ABD Kongresi, Guinness D\u00fcnya Rekorlar\u0131 kitab\u0131na girmeyi hak etti. Kongre \u00fcyeleri bu “performanslar\u0131yla” sadece “konu\u015fmac\u0131y\u0131 dakika ba\u015f\u0131na en \u00e7ok alk\u0131\u015flayan yasama organ\u0131” dal\u0131nda de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda “bir Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi san\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde destekleyen yasama organ\u0131” olma alan\u0131nda da birinci s\u0131raya yerle\u015fti! Netanyahu konu\u015fma yaparken salona girmeyerek tepki g\u00f6steren 70 kadar Kongre \u00fcyesi ke\u015fke salonda olsalar ve en az\u0131ndan baz\u0131 ABD ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 konu\u015furken yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fekilde itiraz etselerdi. \u0130srail lobisi ABD siyaseti \u00fczerinde o kadar etkili ki, ABD anayasas\u0131ndan ald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 protesto haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan Amerikan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, “kendilerini \u0130ran’a kulland\u0131rtan ahmaklar” olarak nitelendiren Netanyahu’ya salondan tek bir itiraz bile y\u00fckselmedi.
Demokrasilerde d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131n\u0131n, genel ad\u0131yla lobilerin etkisi ink\u00e2r edilemez. ABD’de ise bunun sadece bir etkiden ibaret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan belki de asli unsur oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. ABD anayasas\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin ba\u015f\u0131 olan Ba\u015fkan, d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n olu\u015fturulup icra edilmesinde de birinci derecede yetkilidir. Fakat bizim daha \u00e7ok “g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak” bildi\u011fimiz, Amerikan siyaset bilimcilerin ise “g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi” \u015feklinde nitelendirmeyi tercih ettikleri ABD devlet sistemine g\u00f6re, d\u0131\u015f politika alan\u0131nda Ba\u015fkan’\u0131n yasama organ\u0131 Kongreyle bir\u00e7ok konuda birlikte hareket etmesi gerekir. Ba\u015fkan’\u0131n aday g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerin senato taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131 ve onay alamayan b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7inin g\u00f6revine ba\u015flayamamas\u0131, ba\u015fkan taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan antla\u015fmalar\u0131n ancak senatonun \u00fc\u00e7te iki \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan onayland\u0131ktan sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girebilmesi, Temsilciler Meclisinin onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131mlar\u0131n ve belli miktar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki d\u0131\u015f asker\u00ee sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememesi gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politika s\u00fcrecine ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergeleridir.
Senato’nun d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler, Temsilciler Meclisinin ise uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler komiteleri yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 izlenecek Amerikan politikalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda son derece etkilidir. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye’nin CAATSA yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131na sokulmas\u0131, G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s Rum y\u00f6netimine uygulanan silah ambargosu karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin F-35 program\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi konularda Kongre’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkisi olmu\u015ftur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerini do\u011frudan etkileyen -\u00e7o\u011fu olumsuz- bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131n alt\u0131nda da Kongre’nin imzas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz, ge\u00e7en hafta 50. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kutlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye aleyhine al\u0131nan silah ambargosu karar\u0131d\u0131r. 1830 Osmanl\u0131-Amerikan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne Amerikan sava\u015f gemilerinin sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren maddesinin onaylanmamas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda diplomatik ili\u015fkilerin yeniden tesisini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 1923 Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n onaylanmamas\u0131 ya da 1948’de Meis dahil Onikiada’n\u0131n \u0130talya’dan al\u0131n\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye’ye de\u011fil Yunanistan’a verilmesi karar\u0131 gibi ad\u0131mlar Kongre’de at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kararlar\u0131n hepsinde kendi d\u00f6nemlerinin T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 lobilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olmu\u015ftur.
Bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ABD Kongresi \u00fczerindeki etki derecesi, bu gruplar\u0131n ABD i\u00e7indeki g\u00fcc\u00fcyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Etnik lobiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, temsil ettikleri kitlenin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc elbette \u00f6nemlidir. Bilhassa yo\u011fun ve se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na etki edecek n\u00fcfusa sahip olduklar\u0131 eyaletlerde baz\u0131 etnik lobiler siyaset\u00e7ileri y\u00f6nlendirirler. Ama tek g\u00f6sterge se\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir. S\u00f6z konusu bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar grubunun medyada, finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ve b\u00fcrokrasideki g\u00fc\u00e7leri de siyaset\u00e7iler \u00fczerinde hissettirdikleri n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131n\u0131n derecesini belirler.
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, 24 Temmuz’da haber kanallar\u0131n\u0131n canl\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u015fahit oldu\u011fumuz gibi ABD Kongresi \u00fczerindeki en etkili bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131 \u0130srail devletiyle organik ba\u011f i\u00e7inde olanlard\u0131r. Kongre \u00fcyelerinin kahir ekseriyeti bu gruplardan do\u011frudan destek almak i\u00e7in olmasa da en az\u0131ndan onlar\u0131n hedefi olmamak i\u00e7in \u0130srail’in politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir tutum i\u00e7ine girmemeyi tercih ederler.
Bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131n\u0131n sadece yasama organ\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek do\u011fru olmaz. Ba\u015fkan, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Ofisleri, Bakanl\u0131klar ve ba\u011fl\u0131 ajanslar \u00fczerinde de \u00e7e\u015fitli seviyelerde etkili olan bu gruplar\u0131 dikkate almadan herhangi bir \u00fclkenin ABD ile sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.
Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kim oldu\u011fundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, her \u00fclke ABD ile ili\u015fkilerini kurgularken, bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131yla nas\u0131l ili\u015fkiler kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da planlamak zorunda oldu\u011funu hisseder. Silah, enerji, finans alan\u0131ndaki bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131n\u0131n beklentileriyle etnik-dinsel lobilerin beklenti ve \u00f6ncelikleri farkl\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u00fclkenin politikalar\u0131yla benzerdir.
Netanyahu’yu ayakta alk\u0131\u015flayanlar\u0131n, kendileri hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin kamuoylar\u0131n\u0131n ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ya da ilerleyen y\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede yay\u0131nlanacak kitaplarda kendilerinden nas\u0131l bahsedilece\u011fini \u00f6nemsemedikleri a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Yeniden se\u00e7ilebilmek ve varsa siyaset d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u015flerinde “talihsiz olaylara” muhatap olmamak i\u00e7in ABD’nin mevcut siyasal sistemine “lay\u0131k” hareket ettiler. ABD Kongre \u00fcyelerinin lobi-bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar grubu boyunduru\u011fundan kurtulabilmesi yak\u0131n vadede m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Temmuz’da \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Benyamin Netanyahu’nun konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 72 kez ayakta alk\u0131\u015flayan ABD Kongresi, Guinness D\u00fcnya Rekorlar\u0131 kitab\u0131na girmeyi hak etti. Kongre \u00fcyeleri bu “performanslar\u0131yla” sadece “konu\u015fmac\u0131y\u0131 dakika ba\u015f\u0131na en \u00e7ok alk\u0131\u015flayan yasama organ\u0131” dal\u0131nda de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda “bir Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi san\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde destekleyen yasama organ\u0131” olma alan\u0131nda da birinci s\u0131raya yerle\u015fti! Netanyahu konu\u015fma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":16301,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16300"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16300\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}