{"id":1589,"date":"2014-12-21T14:33:41","date_gmt":"2014-12-21T12:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1589"},"modified":"2024-03-07T21:59:53","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T18:59:53","slug":"abd-ve-kuba-barisiyor-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1589","title":{"rendered":"ABD ve K\u00fcba bar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor (21.12.2014) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

ABD’den sadece 200 km uzaktaki K\u00fcba adas\u0131, Washington y\u00f6netimlerinin her zaman ilgisini \u00e7ekti. Daha ABD’nin kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda “kurucu babalar”dan Thomas Jefferson, K\u00fcba’n\u0131n mutlaka ABD’ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca hemen her ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri dile getirdiler. Bu iste\u011fin \u00fc\u00e7 temel gerek\u00e7esi vard\u0131. \u0130lk olarak, K\u00fcba ABD’nin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in jeostratejik bir konumda bulunmaktayd\u0131. ABD’ye sald\u0131rmak isteyen bir g\u00fc\u00e7 -ki o tarihlerde \u0130spanya- K\u00fcba’y\u0131 bir s\u0131\u00e7rama tahtas\u0131 olarak kullanabilirdi. Di\u011fer yandan, Karaibler b\u00f6lgesini denetleyebilmek i\u00e7in de ABD’nin K\u00fcba’y\u0131 bir \u00fcs olarak elinde bulundurmas\u0131 gerekliydi. \u0130kinci olarak, K\u00fcba \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Amerikal\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekmekteydi. Son olarak, ABD’deki kiliseler de, K\u00fcba halk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130spanyollar\u0131n zulm\u00fc alt\u0131ndan mutlaka kurtar\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Beyaz Saray’a ve Kongre’ye telkinlerde bulunuyorlard\u0131.Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz \u00e7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Barack Obama ve K\u00fcba Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Raul Castro e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya ilan ettiler. Kanada ve Vatikan’\u0131n arabuluculu\u011fuyla 18 aya yak\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen gizli temaslar neticesinde,?1959’daki K\u00fcba Devrimi’nden?bu?yana?s\u00fcren?gerilimin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda mutabakata var\u0131ld\u0131.?Yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebeplerini hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar ispatlanamam\u0131\u015f olsa da, 1898’de Havana liman\u0131na demirlemi\u015f Maine isimli bir sava\u015f gemisinin “\u0130spanyol casuslarca havaya u\u00e7urulmas\u0131n\u0131” bahane eden ABD \u0130spanya’ya sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131. ABD’nin deniz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir “imparatorlu\u011fa” d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flayacak bu sava\u015f neticesinde, Filipinler, Porto Rico, Guam ve K\u00fcba \u0130spanya’dan ABD’ye ge\u00e7ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuzey Amerika’daki koloniler evvelce \u0130ngiltere’nin s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminden kurtulmak i\u00e7in bir m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcklerinden, ABD K\u00fcba’da bir “s\u00f6m\u00fcrge” y\u00f6netimi kurmad\u0131. Ama bizim “manda idaresi” olarak isimlendirdi\u011fimiz “protektora” tesis etmekten de geri durmad\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu “protektora” basbaya\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimiydi. K\u00fcba’da para eden ne varsa Amerikal\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti. K\u00fcba’n\u0131n Anayasas\u0131 ABD taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131. 1930’larda F.D. Roosevelt d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcba \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar\u0131 hafifletmi\u015f olsa da, Guantanomo b\u00f6lgesinde topra\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudan kendisine ait bir askeri \u00fcs bulundurma hakk\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7meyen ABD, Ada’daki Amerikan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n da koruyucusu olmaya devam etti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra ABD ile SSCB liderli\u011findeki bloklar aras\u0131nda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f ba\u015flarken, ABD Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerini \u00f6nce Rio Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ard\u0131ndan da Amerikan Devletleri \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (OAS) \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda “kom\u00fcnist s\u0131zmalardan uzak tutma” politikas\u0131 takip etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00fcba da bu sistemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Taa ki, ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 K\u00fcba lideri Batista 1959’da Fidel Castro liderli\u011findeki kom\u00fcnist gerillalar taraf\u0131ndan devrilene kadar. <\/span><\/p>\n

Yeni y\u00f6netimin K\u00fcba’daki \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyeti millile\u015ftirmesine ve ABD yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kmaya zorlamas\u0131na Washington tepki g\u00f6sterdi. CIA Castro’ya defalarca suikastlar tertip etti. 1961’de CIA taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitilip-donat\u0131lan m\u00fclteci K\u00fcbal\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bir “ordu”, Domuzlar K\u00f6rfezi \u00e7\u0131kartmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Castro bunlar\u0131 geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc. 1962’de meydana gelen bir geli\u015fme ise sadece ABD-K\u00fcba ili\u015fkileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131yd\u0131. ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’ye yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi n\u00fckleer f\u00fczelere misilleme olarak SSCB de K\u00fcba’ya f\u00fcze yerle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131nca d\u00fcnya bir n\u00fckleer sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine geldi. Kennedy ve Hru\u015f\u00e7ov \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmadan birbirleriyle anla\u015ft\u0131lar. Taraflar aras\u0131nda “yumu\u015fama” dedi\u011fimiz bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flad\u0131. Ama SSCB ile kontroll\u00fc bir yak\u0131nla\u015fma s\u00fcreci i\u00e7ine giren ABD K\u00fcba ile asla bar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

SSCB ve Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 yok olduktan, iki kutuplu d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni ortadan kalkt\u0131ktan sonra bile ABD K\u00fcba’ya uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc; vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkeye seyahatini, orada harcama yapmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rd\u0131. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i ve Demokrat ba\u015fkanlar K\u00fcba’y\u0131 “ter\u00f6re destek veren \u00fclkeler” listesinde tutmaya devam ettiler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Art\u0131k Obama K\u00fcba’yla “yeni bir sayfa” a\u00e7maktan s\u00f6z ediyor. 2015 i\u00e7inde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak diplomatik temsilcilikler a\u00e7\u0131lacak. Seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lacak. \u0130ki \u00fclke de, casusluk yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle tutuklad\u0131klar\u0131 ABD ve K\u00fcba vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar bile.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kongre’de \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ellerinde bulunduran Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler Obama’n\u0131n bu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na tepkili. Anla\u015f\u0131lan 2016 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7iminde aleyhine bir koz olarak kullanmak istiyorlar. Yine de uzun soluklu bu kan davas\u0131n\u0131n nihayet son buluyor olmas\u0131 Latin Amerika’da memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Dar\u0131s\u0131 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bug\u00fcnlere miras kalan di\u011fer anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ABD’den sadece 200 km uzaktaki K\u00fcba adas\u0131, Washington y\u00f6netimlerinin her zaman ilgisini \u00e7ekti. Daha ABD’nin kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda “kurucu babalar”dan Thomas Jefferson, K\u00fcba’n\u0131n mutlaka ABD’ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca hemen her ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri dile getirdiler. Bu iste\u011fin \u00fc\u00e7 temel gerek\u00e7esi vard\u0131. \u0130lk olarak, K\u00fcba ABD’nin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in jeostratejik bir konumda bulunmaktayd\u0131. ABD’ye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1589"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}