{"id":1539,"date":"2013-07-23T14:08:31","date_gmt":"2013-07-23T11:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1539"},"modified":"2024-03-07T22:16:55","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T19:16:55","slug":"lozanin-90inci-yilinda-orta-dogu-sinirlarimiz-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1539","title":{"rendered":"Lozan’\u0131n 90’\u0131nc\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131nda Orta Do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z (23.07.2013) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lozan’da di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok konunun yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 da ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Sevr d\u00fczenlemelerinin aksine Do\u011fu Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da ihtiva eden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ermenistan ve \u00f6zerk K\u00fcrdistan \u00f6nerileri reddedilirken, K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131’n\u0131n ve M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Britanya’n\u0131n; Trablusgarp’\u0131n ve 12 Ada’n\u0131n \u0130talya’n\u0131n; Bat\u0131 Trakya’n\u0131n ise Yunanistan’\u0131n olmas\u0131 kabul edildi. S\u00f6z konusu topraklar zaten Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flarken bu devletlere terk edilmi\u015f durumdayd\u0131. \u0130skenderun Sanca\u011f\u0131 d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere Suriye’nin -San Remo Konferans\u0131 kararlar\u0131na uygun olarak- Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131 alt\u0131na girmesi Ekim 1921’de T\u00fcrkiye ile Fransa aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Ankara \u0130til\u00e2fnamesi’yle netlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130skenderun Sanca\u011f\u0131 daha sonra Hatay ad\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olacak, 1939’da ise T\u00fcrkiye’ye iltihak edecektir.\u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sona ermesinin ard\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve egemenli\u011finin uluslararas\u0131 seviyede tescil edildi\u011fi Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 24 Temmuz 1923’te imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lozan’da T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na dair bir d\u00fczenleme yer almad\u0131. Bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n ana hatlar\u0131 1555 Amasya Antla\u015fmas\u0131’yla belirginle\u015fmi\u015f, 1639 Kasr-\u0131 \u015eirin Antla\u015fmas\u0131’yla da son halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat 1937’de s\u0131n\u0131rda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lacak, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck A\u011fr\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’de kal\u0131rken, Van’daki Kotur arazisi \u0130ran’a verilecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye-Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ise Lozan’da \u00e7izilemedi. Bunun en \u00f6nemli sebebi Musul Vilayeti’nin aidiyeti \u00fczerindeki anla\u015fmazl\u0131kt\u0131. Mondros M\u00fctarekesi’nin (30 Ekim 1918) imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Osmanl\u0131 askerinin elinde bulunan ve 15 g\u00fcn sonra B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilen Musul Vilayeti, ku\u015fku g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyecek bir bi\u00e7imde Misak-\u0131 Milli’nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Lozan’a g\u00f6nderilen konferans heyetine B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan verilen talimat\u0131n ikinci maddesi aynen \u015f\u00f6yleydi:<\/span><\/p>\n

“S\u00fcleymaniye, Kerk\u00fck ve Musul livalar\u0131 istenecek, konferansta ba\u015fka bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa H\u00fck\u00fcmet’ten talimat al\u0131nacak.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Nitekim, bu talimata uygun hareket eden T\u00fcrk Heyeti, Musul konusundaki isteklerini kabul ettiremeyince \u015eubat 1923’te Konferans masas\u0131n\u0131 terk etti. B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nde Mart ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan gizli celselerde Musul meselesi ele al\u0131nd\u0131 ve milletvekilleri aras\u0131nda sert tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131. Yine de, bar\u0131\u015f konferans\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lozan’da T\u00fcrk Heyeti’nin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0131srarlar\u0131na ve ak\u0131lc\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Britanya Musul’u T\u00fcrkiye’ye iade etmeye yana\u015fmay\u0131nca, meselenin halli Lozan sonras\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 3\/2 Maddesine g\u00f6re, Musul konusu \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye ile Britanya aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ele al\u0131nacak, orada da anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamazsa, Milletler Cemiyeti Meclisi’nin alaca\u011f\u0131 karara uyulacakt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’Y\u0130 SIKI\u015eTIRMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N AYAKLANMA BA\u015eLATTILAR<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ki taraf aras\u0131nda May\u0131s-Haziran 1924’te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Hali\u00e7 Konferans\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Britanya, T\u00fcrkiye’yi bask\u0131 alt\u0131na alabilmek i\u00e7in 7 A\u011fustos’ta Hakk\u00e2ri’de Nasturi ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda konu Milletler Cemiyeti’ne geldi. B\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilen bir komisyon Britanya’n\u0131n istekleri do\u011frultusunda karar ald\u0131. Komisyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlarken Do\u011fu Anadolu’da \u015eeyh Sait ayaklanmas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ayaklanmay\u0131 bast\u0131rmakla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken, 16 Aral\u0131k 1925’te Milletler Cemiyeti, Musul’u Britanya mandas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Irak’a b\u0131rakma karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bu karar\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Britanya’n\u0131n tavizsiz tutumu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 5 Haziran 1926’da Ankara’da “T\u00fcrk-Irak S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve \u0130yi Kom\u015fuluk Anla\u015fmas\u0131”n\u0131 imzalamak zorunda kald\u0131. Bu anla\u015fmayla, Musul vilayeti T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rken, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 25 y\u0131l boyunca T\u00fcrkiye’ye Musul petrol gelirlerinden y\u00fczde 10’luk bir pay \u00f6denmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede 1934’ten 1954’e kadar T\u00fcrkiye’ye toplam 3.500.000 alt\u0131n sterlinlik bir \u00f6deme yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu tarihten itibaren Irak’\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demeler kesildi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.000.000 alt\u0131n sterlinlik alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 1986’ya kadar y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7elerimizin alacak kaleminde yer ald\u0131. Bu tarihte, T\u00fcrkiye kendi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kararla, Musul petrolleri alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Britanya’n\u0131n Musul konusundaki inat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yeg\u00e2ne sebebi petrold\u00fc. 1911’den beri s\u00fcrekli sava\u015f halinde bulunan T\u00fcrkiye, Britanya ile yeni bir sava\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6ze alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Misak-\u0131 Milli’nin \u00f6z be \u00f6z par\u00e7as\u0131 bu vatan topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istemeyerek vermeye raz\u0131 oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aradan 90 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcneyi kayn\u0131yor. Suriye’de oluk gibi kan ak\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 B\u00f6lgesel K\u00fcrt Y\u00f6netimi olan Musul vilayeti \u00fczerindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar son bulmu\u015f de\u011fil. Bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim: E\u011fer Musul T\u00fcrkiye’de kalsayd\u0131, \u00fclkemiz enerji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya bu kadar ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olur muydu? Ya da, etnik b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck bu kadar k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131labilir miydi? 90. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Lozan’a bir de bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 24 Temmuz 1923 tarihinde \u0130svi\u00e7re’nin Lozan \u015fehrinde, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi temsilcileriyle Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Fransa, \u0130talya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya, Bulgaristan, Portekiz, Bel\u00e7ika, SSCB ve Yugoslavya temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’yi D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc temsil etmi\u015ftir. Musul vilayetinin T\u00fcrkiye’den kopar\u0131lmas\u0131 Lozan’dan 3 y\u0131l sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lozan’da di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok konunun yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 da ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Sevr d\u00fczenlemelerinin aksine Do\u011fu Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da ihtiva eden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ermenistan ve \u00f6zerk K\u00fcrdistan \u00f6nerileri reddedilirken, K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131’n\u0131n ve M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Britanya’n\u0131n; Trablusgarp’\u0131n ve 12 Ada’n\u0131n \u0130talya’n\u0131n; Bat\u0131 Trakya’n\u0131n ise Yunanistan’\u0131n olmas\u0131 kabul edildi. S\u00f6z konusu topraklar zaten Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flarken bu devletlere […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1539"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13555,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1539\/revisions\/13555"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}