{"id":1503,"date":"2013-04-30T12:22:07","date_gmt":"2013-04-30T09:22:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1503"},"modified":"2024-03-07T16:21:21","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T13:21:21","slug":"turkiye-gumruk-birliginden-cikmali-mi-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1503","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nden \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131 m\u0131? (30.04.2013) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Derinlemesine bir tahlile tabi tutuldu\u011funda G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye’ye hem b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar\u0131 olan ama ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye’nin baz\u0131 alanlarda elini kolunu ba\u011flayan bir mekanizmad\u0131r. \u0130ki y\u00f6n\u00fcyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.1 Ocak 1996’da uygulamaya konulan T\u00fcrkiye-AB G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi, 17 y\u0131ld\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin T\u00fcrkiye’yi tamamen d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutarak ABD’yle Serbest Ticaret Alan\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (STA) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden alevlendirdi. Baz\u0131 bakanlar\u0131m\u0131z, T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fma g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilebilece\u011fi hatta T\u00fcrkiye’nin G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nden \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapt\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 olumlu etkisi vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

Birincisi, T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00fcretilen sanayi mallar\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u015flenmi\u015f tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin herhangi bir g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisine, e\u015f etkili \u00f6nleme veya miktar k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131na (kota) tabi olmadan AB \u00fclkelerinin pazarlar\u0131na serbest\u00e7e girebilmesidir. 2012 itibariyle ihracat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n % 39’u AB \u00fclkelerine yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130hracat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilk be\u015f \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rd\u00fc (Almanya, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130talya, Fransa) AB \u00fclkeleridir. AB’de ekonomik krizin hafiflemesiyle bu rakam\u0131n yeniden y\u00fczde 50lere t\u0131rmanmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, AB \u00fclkelerine ihracat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n nas\u0131l etkilenece\u011fi, herhangi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda, bunun T\u00fcrkiye’nin ekonomisine getirebilece\u011fi olumsuzluklar \u00e7ok iyi hesap edilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi sayesinde T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclkeyle yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu STA’lard\u0131r. 6 Mart 1995 tarihli ve 1\/95 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye-AT Ortakl\u0131k Konseyi karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, AB’nin STA yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerle T\u00fcrkiye de STA yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu da T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu \u00fclkelerle ticaret hacminin artmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olumlu y\u00f6n\u00fc ise, T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00fcretilen mallar\u0131n kalitesinin y\u00fckselmesi ve rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131yla ilgilidir. G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye’de tekellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Rekabet Kurulu’nun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, kalite standartlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelerin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin ve telif haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015f, b\u00f6ylece hem T\u00fcrk mallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya pazarlar\u0131na giri\u015fini h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f hem de daha liberal bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye pazar\u0131na yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla ilgi g\u00f6stermesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011finin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 olumsuz etkisinden s\u00f6z etmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/span><\/p>\n

Birincisi K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve Orta B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki \u0130\u015fletmelerin (KOB\u0130) 1999 ve 2001 krizlerinde \u00f6dedi\u011fi bedeldir. 2000’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli ticaret odalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011finin KOB\u0130’ler \u00fczerinde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir etkisi oldu\u011fu ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir zarara sebep oldu\u011fu belirtiliyordu. Fakat krizin atlat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, AB standartlar\u0131nda yeniden yap\u0131lanan KOB\u0130’lerin, bug\u00fcn AB \u00fclkelerine yap\u0131lan ihracatta \u00f6nemli bir pay tuttu\u011funu, yani G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011finin o ilk andaki olumsuz etkisini lehlerine \u00e7evirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeden ge\u00e7emeyiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci olumsuzluk, T\u00fcrkiye’nin kendi d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 ve ekonomisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelere ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ticaret rejimi uygulayamamas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi gere\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye AB’nin STA yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u00fclkeyle STA yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, AB’nin Ortak G\u00fcmr\u00fck Tarifesinde belirlenmi\u015f oranlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifesini de uygulayamamaktad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, AB’nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in benimsedi\u011fi, Genelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Tercihler Sistemi’ni de aynen tatbik etmekle m\u00fckelleftir. Garip gelebilir ama s\u0131k s\u0131k “iki devlet, tek millet” olduklar\u0131 ifade edilen T\u00fcrkiye ve Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda bile bir STA yoktur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olumsuzluk, AB’nin ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerle STA g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yaparken T\u00fcrkiye’yi m\u00fczakere masas\u0131na oturtmamas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce G\u00fcney Kore ve Meksika’yla yap\u0131lan STA g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde ya\u015fanan\u0131n bir benzeri \u015fimdi AB-ABD m\u00fczakerelerinde ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye m\u00fczakerelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmakla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aynen uygulamaya mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’ni de\u011ferlendirirken barda\u011f\u0131n hem bo\u015f hem de dolu taraf\u0131na bakmal\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na en faydal\u0131 olacak karar\u0131 vermeliyiz. Ama karar verirken, T\u00fcrkiye’nin AB \u00fcyelik s\u00fcreciyle, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nin birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 konular oldu\u011funu da unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Derinlemesine bir tahlile tabi tutuldu\u011funda G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye’ye hem b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar\u0131 olan ama ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye’nin baz\u0131 alanlarda elini kolunu ba\u011flayan bir mekanizmad\u0131r. \u0130ki y\u00f6n\u00fcyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.1 Ocak 1996’da uygulamaya konulan T\u00fcrkiye-AB G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi, 17 y\u0131ld\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin T\u00fcrkiye’yi tamamen d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutarak ABD’yle Serbest Ticaret Alan\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (STA) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13164,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1503"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13165,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1503\/revisions\/13165"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}