{"id":1415,"date":"2013-05-14T10:20:18","date_gmt":"2013-05-14T07:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1415"},"modified":"2024-03-11T16:02:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T13:02:18","slug":"maliki-barzani-catismasi-siyasi-kargasa-olusturur-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1415","title":{"rendered":"Maliki-Barzani \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 siyasi karga\u015fa olu\u015fturur (14.05.2013) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Irak’ta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler oluyor. ABD’nin 2005’te haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Irak Anayasas\u0131’nda “K\u00fcrdistan” olarak tan\u0131mlanan kuzeydeki b\u00f6lgesel federe y\u00f6netim ile merkez\u00ee idare aras\u0131nda Saddam H\u00fcseyin’in devrilmesinden bu yana en b\u00fcy\u00fck gerginlik ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Nuri el Maliki ile b\u00f6lgesel y\u00f6netim ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mesut Barzani aras\u0131nda s\u00f6z d\u00fcellosuyla su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131k, taraflara ba\u011fl\u0131 silahl\u0131 birliklerin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kadar vard\u0131. \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta, zengin petrol b\u00f6lgelerinin aidiyeti \u00fczerinde bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, asl\u0131nda m\u00fccadelenin \u00e7ok daha derin sebepleri var. \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’ndan ard\u0131ndan da T\u00fcrkiye’den kopar\u0131larak Irak’a ba\u011flanan Musul vilayetinde ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler 1920’lerden ba\u015flayarak Ba\u011fdat taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa tabi tutuldular. Bu bazen asimilasyon, bazen zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7, kimi zaman da kitlesel yok etme giri\u015fimleri olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra SSCB’nin deste\u011fiyle \u0130ran topraklar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Mahabad Cumhuriyeti’ne Irak’ta ya\u015fayan Barzan a\u015fireti de destek verdi. Sadece bir y\u0131l ya\u015fayabilen bu devletin 1946’da ortadan kalkmas\u0131ndan sonra, Molla Mustafa Barzani SSCB’ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. 1958’deki darbeyle Irak’ta krall\u0131k y\u00f6netiminin sona ermesinden sonra \u00fclkesine geri d\u00f6nen Barzani, K\u00fcrdistan Demokratik Partisi’nin (KDP) yasal bir kimlik kazanmas\u0131yla, K\u00fcrtlerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasi haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra yeni Irak rejimiyle de anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fen Barzani 1961’den itibaren silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bu m\u00fccadelede \u0130srail ve \u0130ran K\u00fcrt gruplar\u0131 destekledi. Her ne kadar 1970’te Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmayla K\u00fcrtler \u00f6zerklik elde etmi\u015f olsalar da, 1975’ten itibaren Ba\u011fdat’\u0131n takip etti\u011fi politikalarla \u00f6zerklik fiilen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ran’dan gelen yard\u0131m\u0131n kesilmesiyle zor durumda kalan Mustafa Barzani, \u00e7areyi yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7makta buldu. 1976’da ABD’de \u00f6ld\u00fc. 1991’deki K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131’na kadar Irak y\u00f6netiminin K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131s\u0131 zaman zaman soyk\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131. KDP liderli\u011fine getirilen Mustafa Barzani’nin o\u011flu Mesud Barzani ve K\u00fcrdistan Yurtseverler Birli\u011fi’ne (KYB) ba\u011fl\u0131 pe\u015fmergeler \u0130ran-Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Saddam H\u00fcseyin’e kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bazen de birbirleriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. 1988’de Halep\u00e7e kentine kimyasal silahlarla sald\u0131ran Saddam H\u00fcseyin birlikleri 6500 K\u00fcrt’\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Birinci K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra Irak topraklar\u0131nda 36. Paralelin kuzeyinde ilan edilen u\u00e7u\u015fa yasak b\u00f6lge sayesinde, Saddam H\u00fcseyin’in K\u00fcrtlere bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ildi. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, otorite bo\u015flu\u011funun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge PKK’n\u0131n da en \u00f6nemli \u00fcss\u00fc haline geldi. ABD, Barzani ve Talabani’yi s\u0131k s\u0131k bir araya getirerek, KDP ve KYB pe\u015fmergelerinin birbirleriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi. May\u0131s 1992’de yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerle, 1970’lerden sonra yeniden i\u015flerlik kazanan “K\u00fcrdistan Parlamentosu” giderek Ba\u011fdat’tan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015furken, 1998’de \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Irak’\u0131n Kurtulu\u015fu Yasas\u0131’yla ABD, K\u00fcrtleri do\u011frudan desteklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 2003’te Saddam H\u00fcseyin’in devrilmesinden sonra anayasal d\u00fczeyde \u00f6zerklikleri tescil edilmi\u015f olsa da, K\u00fcrtlerle Araplar aras\u0131nda tam bir g\u00fcven atmosferi tesis edilemedi. Celal Talabani’nin Irak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131 ise Arap-K\u00fcrt b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesini temin eden de\u011fil, tam tersine ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyen bir geli\u015fme oldu. Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Irak’ta Araplarla K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sadece petrol alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet m\u00fccadelesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Federal Irak yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde kerhen s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen siyasal birlikteli\u011fin, taraflar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanacak bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmayla ortadan kalkmas\u0131 ihtimali g\u00fc\u00e7lenmektedir. Bu geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131rken ak\u0131llara T\u00fcrkiye’nin Irak politikas\u0131yla ilgili iki soru gelmektedir: Birincisi, T\u00fcrkiye Irak’\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc halen destekliyorsa, Ankara’yla ciddi problemler ya\u015fayan Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Nuri El Maliki ile Mesud Barzani aras\u0131nda bir uzla\u015fma sa\u011flayabilecek diplomatik g\u00fcce sahip midir? \u0130kincisi, yok e\u011fer Irak’\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin engellenemeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa, o halde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan edebilecek bir K\u00fcrt devletine kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l bir politika takip edilece\u011finin haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131lmakta m\u0131d\u0131r? Unutmayal\u0131m ki, Irak’\u0131n kuzeyindeki geli\u015fmeler bir d\u0131\u015f meseleden \u00e7ok, yeni anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde, bir i\u00e7 mesele h\u00fcviyetindedir. Tarihin tozlu yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak Musul’un nas\u0131l elden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlaman\u0131n ve iktisadi b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 bir konfederasyon modeli \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n tam zaman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Irak’ta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler oluyor. ABD’nin 2005’te haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Irak Anayasas\u0131’nda “K\u00fcrdistan” olarak tan\u0131mlanan kuzeydeki b\u00f6lgesel federe y\u00f6netim ile merkez\u00ee idare aras\u0131nda Saddam H\u00fcseyin’in devrilmesinden bu yana en b\u00fcy\u00fck gerginlik ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Nuri el Maliki ile b\u00f6lgesel y\u00f6netim ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mesut Barzani aras\u0131nda s\u00f6z d\u00fcellosuyla su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131k, taraflara ba\u011fl\u0131 silahl\u0131 birliklerin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1415"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1415\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14473,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1415\/revisions\/14473"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}