{"id":1385,"date":"2012-09-11T10:12:29","date_gmt":"2012-09-11T07:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1385"},"modified":"2024-03-07T17:19:17","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T14:19:17","slug":"abdde-yaris-kizisiyor-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1385","title":{"rendered":"ABD’de yar\u0131\u015f k\u0131z\u0131\u015f\u0131yor (11.09.2012) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

2012’nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6nemli se\u00e7imi 6 Kas\u0131m Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lacak. Daha \u00f6nce Rusya Federasyonu’nda Vladimir Putin, Fransa’da ise Fran\u00e7ois Hollande se\u00e7imleri kazanarak devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koltu\u011funa oturmu\u015flard\u0131. Her iki \u00fclkede de s\u00fcrpriz ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f, Putin, Medvedev’e “bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine” b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam\u0131 geri alm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6revde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi her g\u00fcn pop\u00fclerli\u011fini kaybeden Sarkozy’nin arkas\u0131ndan ise neredeyse kimse g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kmemi\u015fti. ABD’de ise bu iki \u00fclkedekine benzeyen bir durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. Mevcut Ba\u015fkan Barack H\u00fcseyin Obama, ikinci d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapabilmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcyle kampanyas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. D\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r k\u0131y\u0131da k\u00f6\u015fede “istirahat eden” Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler ise Mitt Romney’i ba\u015fkan yapabilmek i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00e7aba sarf ediyor. Anketler \u015fimdilik Ba\u015fkan Obama’y\u0131 \u00f6nde g\u00f6steriyor. ABD siyasal tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Obama d\u00e2hil g\u00f6reve gelen 44 ba\u015fkan aras\u0131nda en uzun s\u00fcreyle g\u00f6rev yapan\u0131n Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 3 d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapt\u0131ktan sonra d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc defa bu g\u00f6reve se\u00e7ilen Roosevelt, son d\u00f6neminde sadece 83 g\u00fcn g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1951’de ABD Anayasas\u0131’nda yap\u0131lan bir de\u011fi\u015fiklikle bir ki\u015finin en fazla 10 y\u0131l ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapabilmesi esas\u0131 getirildi. Yani bir ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7imi kazanmak suretiyle d\u00f6rder y\u0131ldan iki defa kendi d\u00f6neminde, iki y\u0131l da bir ba\u015fka ba\u015fkan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, istifa etmesi ya da azledilmesi halinde onun g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresinin tamamlamak \u00fczere ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funda kalabiliyor. G\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k ara \u00f6nde giden Roosevelt’i bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, 1789’dan bug\u00fcne 11 ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7im kazanarak iki d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f. Ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131yken, ba\u015fkan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revine gelen ve ondan sonra da se\u00e7im kazanarak ikici d\u00f6nemlerini ya\u015fayan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 ise d\u00f6rt. Bir de, ikinci defa se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen g\u00f6revlerini tamamlayamayanlar var. Abraham Lincoln ve William McKinley ikinci d\u00f6nemleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda suikasta kurban gitmi\u015flerdi. Richard Nixon ise “Watergate skandal\u0131” y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ikinci d\u00f6nemine ba\u015flad\u0131ktan 1.5 y\u0131l sonra istifa etmi\u015fti. Son 30 y\u0131la g\u00f6z atarsak, 1992’de yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imleri kaybederek sadece bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapabilen Cumhuriyet\u00e7i George Bush hari\u00e7, di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fkan\u0131n da iki\u015fer d\u00f6nem g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Ronald Reagan 1981-1989, Demokrat William Jefferson “Bill” Clinton 1993-2001 ve Cumhuriyet\u00e7i George W. Bush 2001-2009 tarihleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yak\u0131n d\u00f6neme ait bu tablo, Ocak 2009’da g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayan Obama’n\u0131n bir d\u00f6nem daha se\u00e7ilmesinin s\u00fcrpriz olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Yine de temkini elden b\u0131rakmamak laz\u0131m. Zira se\u00e7im kampanyalar\u0131nda adaylar\u0131n se\u00e7menden oy toplayabilmek i\u00e7in dile getirdikleri vaatler bir yana, bizzat ABD se\u00e7im sistemi -bir aday anketlerde \u00e7ok ileride olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece- neticenin kestirilebilmesini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131l\u0131yor. ABD gibi “demokrasi”nin \u015fampiyonlar\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen bir \u00fclke i\u00e7in inan\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ama bu \u00fclkede her zaman en \u00e7ok oy alan ki\u015fi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturam\u0131yor. Daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan 56 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7iminde, d\u00f6rt defa \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda rakibinden daha az oy alm\u0131\u015f olan adaylar ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ildi. 12 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan ve George W. Bush ile Al Gore’un yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imde, Gore, Bush’tan yar\u0131m milyon oy fazla alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen se\u00e7imi kaybetmi\u015fti. Bunun sebebi, ba\u015fkan\u0131n adaylar\u0131n \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda ald\u0131klar\u0131 oya g\u00f6re de\u011fil, her bir eyaletin farkl\u0131 say\u0131da sahip oldu\u011fu ikincil se\u00e7menlerden ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131na g\u00f6re se\u00e7iliyor olmas\u0131. ABD se\u00e7im sisteminde, bizdekinden epeyce farkl\u0131 olarak, adaylardan biri bir eyalette di\u011fer adaydan tek oy bile fazla alm\u0131\u015f olsa, o eyaletin ikincil se\u00e7menlerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f oluyor. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse, yukar\u0131da zikretti\u011fimiz 2000 se\u00e7iminde, Florida eyaletinde Bush’un ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 oy 2.912.790, Gore’un oy say\u0131s\u0131 ise 2,912,253’t\u00fc. Bush, \u00fclke genelinde 101 milyon se\u00e7menin oy verdi\u011fi o se\u00e7imde, sadece 537 oy farkla Florida’n\u0131n 25 ikincil se\u00e7men oyunun tamam\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak ba\u015fkan olmu\u015ftu. Bush’un toplam ikincil se\u00e7men oyunun 271, Gore’unkinin ise 266 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Florida oylar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l bir farka sebep oldu\u011fu daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Son anketlere g\u00f6re ABD’nin Pasifik k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ve kuzeydo\u011fusunda bulunan eyaletlerde Obama \u00f6nde gidiyor. \u00dclkenin ortas\u0131 ve g\u00fcneyindeki geleneksel olarak cumhuriyet\u00e7i olan eyaletlerde ise se\u00e7menler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Romney’i destekliyor. Son se\u00e7imlerde defalarca \u015fahit olundu\u011fu gibi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n galibi bir defa daha Florida, Iowa, Wisconsin, Colorado ve Virginia eyaletlerinde adaylar\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 neticelere g\u00f6re belirlenecek. ABD se\u00e7iminin tarihi yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, adaylar\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika \u00f6ncelikleri konusunu da mercek alt\u0131na yat\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2012’nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6nemli se\u00e7imi 6 Kas\u0131m Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lacak. Daha \u00f6nce Rusya Federasyonu’nda Vladimir Putin, Fransa’da ise Fran\u00e7ois Hollande se\u00e7imleri kazanarak devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koltu\u011funa oturmu\u015flard\u0131. Her iki \u00fclkede de s\u00fcrpriz ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f, Putin, Medvedev’e “bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine” b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam\u0131 geri alm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6revde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi her g\u00fcn pop\u00fclerli\u011fini kaybeden Sarkozy’nin arkas\u0131ndan ise neredeyse kimse g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kmemi\u015fti. ABD’de ise bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13325,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13326,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385\/revisions\/13326"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}