{"id":1373,"date":"2012-08-14T09:32:37","date_gmt":"2012-08-14T06:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1373"},"modified":"2024-03-07T17:24:30","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T14:24:30","slug":"dis-politikanin-yurutulmesinde-askeri-gucun-onemi-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1373","title":{"rendered":"D\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn \u00f6nemi (14.08.2012) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bir devletin uluslararas\u0131 alandaki g\u00fcc\u00fc temelde iki g\u00f6stergeye bak\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Birincisi ikna kabiliyetidir. Yani, s\u00f6z konusu devletin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda politikalar\u0131 uygulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, di\u011fer devletlerin de ona uygun hareket etmesini sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun r\u0131zaya dayal\u0131 olmas\u0131 tercih edilir. Ama illa \u00f6yle olacak diye bir kural yoktur. \u0130kinci unsur ise cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. E\u011fer bir devlet, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ona sald\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da sald\u0131rma tehdidinde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebiliyorsa, devletin etkinlik alan\u0131n\u0131n hacmine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, b\u00f6lgesel ya da k\u00fcresel seviyede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet say\u0131l\u0131r. Yukar\u0131daki iki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fck g\u00f6stergesi de, “milli g\u00fc\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan hususlar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015flik seviyesine g\u00f6re artar ya da azal\u0131r. 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan itibaren jeopolitik ve strateji alanlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte, “milli g\u00fcc\u00fcn” nas\u0131l ve hangi de\u011fi\u015fkenlere dayan\u0131larak tan\u0131mlanabilece\u011fine dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilhassa, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir bilimsel disiplin olarak belirginle\u015fmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca, bu yeni disiplinin \u00f6ncelikli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131ndan biri de, devletlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ve performanslar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilece\u011fi bir y\u00f6ntemin geli\u015ftirilmesi olmu\u015ftur. Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler akademisyenlerinin, uzmanlar\u0131n ve stratejik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla i\u015ftigal edenlerin neredeyse 90 y\u0131la yakla\u015fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda, \u00fczerinde mutabakata var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir milli g\u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131m\u0131ndan bahsetmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Hangi uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 benimsemi\u015f oldu\u011funuza ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, “g\u00fc\u00e7” kavram\u0131na y\u00fckledi\u011finiz anlam da de\u011fi\u015febilir. Genel hatlar\u0131yla bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, milli g\u00fcc\u00fcn “hesaplanmas\u0131nda” asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Lakin “en b\u00fcy\u00fck orduya sahip olan devlet, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletidir” demek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir orduya sahip olmak, uluslararas\u0131 alanda istediklerini her zaman yapt\u0131rabilmek anlam\u0131na gelmez. Birinci ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131 ve So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi, \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ordulara sahip olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere benimsetmekte \u00e7ok zorlanan \u00fclke \u00f6rnekleriyle doludur. Ama di\u011fer taraftan, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc tamamen d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakarak, sadece GSMH, b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi gibi ekonomik verilere bak\u0131larak da g\u00fc\u00e7 hesaplamas\u0131 yapmak ancak safdillik olur. “Yumu\u015fak G\u00fc\u00e7” kavram\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftiren teorisyenlerin asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakan bir tutum i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7bir zaman olmamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, “Yumu\u015fak G\u00fc\u00e7” kavram\u0131n\u0131 kitap ve makalelerden okuyup anlamaya ve kendi yerli teorilerine uyarlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131, “Sert G\u00fc\u00e7” unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde hi\u00e7 \u00f6nemi yokmu\u015f yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015febilmektedirler. H\u00e2lbuki bir devletin salt ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kararak, b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel hedeflerine ula\u015fmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n yoktur. Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde “Moral G\u00fc\u00e7” olarak nitelendirilmeye ba\u015flanan, “bir devletin sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131 ve siyasal dinamizminin ba\u015fka devletlerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmelerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki” de, “Moral G\u00fc\u00e7” sahibi devletin krizleri \u00f6nleyebilecek ya da gerilimlere m\u00fcdahale edebilecek nitelikte bir asker\u00ee g\u00fcce sahip olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, o devletin asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, gerek duydu\u011funda g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rpmadan kullanaca\u011f\u0131na dair yayg\u0131n bir alg\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmu\u015f olmas\u0131 da, “moral de\u011ferler ihracat\u0131n\u0131” daha anlaml\u0131 hale getirir. Aksi takdirde, g\u00fcney kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131zla ili\u015fkilerimizin durumunda elan g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olana benzer bi\u00e7imde, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme g\u00fcc\u00fc bir s\u00fcre sonra, olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fimine g\u00f6re tav\u0131r almaya ve hi\u00e7 olmazsa kendine y\u00f6nelik olumsuzluklar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rma hedefine endekslenebilir. Ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin siyasal ve ekonomik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fck, strateji hatalar\u0131, ekonomik ve asker\u00ee yetersizlikler gibi unsurlar sebebiyle hi\u00e7 arzu etmedi\u011fi sonu\u00e7lara katlanmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok \u00fclke vard\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bir devletin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sadece asker\u00ee g\u00fcce indirgemek ne kadar yanl\u0131\u015fsa, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederek, i\u00e7 siyasi dengelerde ordunun i\u015flevini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek hedefine paralel bi\u00e7imde, d\u0131\u015f politikada da asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc ikincil plana atmak o kadar yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan Theodore Roosevelt d\u0131\u015f politika stratejisini bir c\u00fcmleyle, “Yumu\u015fak konu\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sopa ta\u015f\u0131” \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlemekteydi. Yumu\u015fak G\u00fc\u00e7 olma hevesindeki devletlerin, gerekti\u011finde b\u00f6lgelerindeki ars\u0131zlar\u0131n kafas\u0131na indirecekleri bir sopalar\u0131 yoksa Yumu\u015fak G\u00fc\u00e7 olmalar\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir… >>> K\u00dcRESEL G\u00dc\u00c7: ABD ABD, kendini uzun zamand\u0131r k\u00fcresel seviyede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet olarak g\u00f6rmekte. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok noktas\u0131nda \u00fcsleri bulunan ABD ordusu, kendisini tehdit eden \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 teyakkuz halinde.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir devletin uluslararas\u0131 alandaki g\u00fcc\u00fc temelde iki g\u00f6stergeye bak\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Birincisi ikna kabiliyetidir. Yani, s\u00f6z konusu devletin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda politikalar\u0131 uygulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, di\u011fer devletlerin de ona uygun hareket etmesini sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun r\u0131zaya dayal\u0131 olmas\u0131 tercih edilir. Ama illa \u00f6yle olacak diye bir kural yoktur. \u0130kinci unsur ise cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. E\u011fer bir devlet, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ona sald\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1373"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13337,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1373\/revisions\/13337"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}