{"id":1165,"date":"2011-05-03T14:10:00","date_gmt":"2011-05-03T11:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1165"},"modified":"2024-03-07T23:01:50","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T20:01:50","slug":"kanal-istanbulun-insasi-icin-hukuki-engel-yok-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1165","title":{"rendered":"Kanal \u0130stanbul’un in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in hukuki engel yok (03.05.2011) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130N\u015eAAT ENGELLENEMEZ<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131ran “Kanal \u0130stanbul” Projesi i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrkiye’nin kendi egemenlik alan\u0131nda, sun’i bir kanal in\u015fa etmesini engelleyecek hi\u00e7bir uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kural\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir. GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e \u0130STE\u011eE BA\u011eLI Kanal a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her ne gerek\u00e7eyle olursa olsun, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n gemi trafi\u011fine kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak isteyen gemilerin “cebren” Kanal’a y\u00f6nlendirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Karadeniz ve Marmara Denizi’ni birbirine ba\u011flayacak Kanal \u0130stanbul projesi, T\u00fcrkiye’de ve d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi \u00e7ekti. 45-50 kilometrelik bir sun’i su yolunun in\u015fas\u0131yla bir yandan \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndaki gemi trafi\u011finin hafiflemesi, di\u011fer yandan da Kanal’\u0131n iki yakas\u0131nda yepyeni ve modern bir yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 fikri s\u00f6z konusu ilginin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l sebepleriydi. Projenin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131yla birlikte, arsa fiyatlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseli\u015f, in\u015faat\u0131n mali boyutu, ekonomik getirileri, \u00e7evreye etkileri, kanal g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n nereden ge\u00e7ece\u011fi ve kanal hafriyat\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 kadar, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Kanal’\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fc de tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. MESNETS\u0130Z G\u00d6R\u00dc\u015eLER En ba\u015ftan ifade etmek gerekirse, T\u00fcrkiye’nin kendi egemenlik alan\u0131nda, sun’i bir kanal in\u015fa etmesini engelleyecek hi\u00e7bir uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kural\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir. H\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde, T\u00fcrkiye isterse Karadeniz’i Marmara’ya, isterse Akdeniz’i Karadeniz’e ba\u011flar; kendi nehirleri aras\u0131nda kanallar \u015febekesi kurar; Ege’den Atat\u00fcrk Baraj G\u00f6l\u00fc’ne uzanan bir t\u00fcnel bile in\u015fa edebilir. Bu anlamda, bizatihi Kanal’\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan “sak\u0131ncal\u0131” oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler tamamen mesnetsiz ve bilgisizlikten kaynaklanan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e \u0130STE\u011eE BA\u011eLI Di\u011fer taraftan, Kanal \u0130stanbul’un in\u015fa gerek\u00e7elerinden biri ister istemez meselenin uluslararas\u0131 hukuk boyutunu akla getirmektedir. O da, Kanal a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndaki trafi\u011fin buraya y\u00f6nlendirilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ifadelerdir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktaya dikkatlice e\u011filmek gerekir. Zira Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n mevcut stat\u00fcs\u00fc, Marmara’dan Karadeniz’e veya bunun tersi g\u00fczerg\u00e2hta ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak isteyen gemilerin hi\u00e7bir surette engellenemeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda, Kanal \u0130stanbul a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her ne gerek\u00e7eyle olursa olsun, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n gemi trafi\u011fine kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak isteyen gemilerin “cebren” Kanal’a y\u00f6nlendirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Kanal’dan ge\u00e7i\u015f ancak “iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131” olabilir. Kanal’\u0131 “iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131” \u015fekilde tercih edilen bir suyolu haline getirmenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsuru ise maddi \u015fartlard\u0131r. Kanal’dan ge\u00e7i\u015fin, S\u00fcvey\u015f ve Panama kanallar\u0131ndaki gibi \u00fccretli olmas\u0131 durumunda, gemilerin Kanal \u0130stanbul’u tercih etmeleri daha da zorla\u015facakt\u0131r. S\u00dcVEY\u015e VE PANAMA KANALI 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle, 193 kilometrelik S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131’ndan bir geminin ortalama ge\u00e7i\u015f bedeli 240.000 ABD dolar\u0131d\u0131r. 78 kilometrelik Panama Kanal\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccretleri ise ortalama 250.000 ABD dolar\u0131d\u0131r. Beklemeden ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak isteyen gemiler i\u00e7in bu miktar 500.000 dolara kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. 31.7 kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ve 60 kilometrelik \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7i\u015f ise, ihtiyar k\u0131lavuz kaptan veya r\u00f6mork alma gibi durumlar haricinde \u00fccretsizdir. Bu durumda, uzunlu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan S\u00fcvey\u015f ve Panama kanallar\u0131yla mukayese etti\u011fimizde Kanal \u0130stanbul’dan ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccretinin ortalama 45.000-60.000 ABD dolar\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 beklenir ki, Bo\u011fazlardan bedava ge\u00e7i\u015f imk\u00e2n\u0131 varken, k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 azaltacak bu bedeli \u00f6demeye bir\u00e7ok gemi sahibinin yana\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilebilir. SERBEST GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e HAKKI Ticaret gemilerine, T\u00fcrkiye’nin sava\u015fan bir taraf olmas\u0131 durumunda uygulayabilece\u011fi baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131ndan bar\u0131\u015f ve sava\u015f durumunda \u015farts\u0131z ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren d\u00fczenleme 1936’da imzalanan Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’yle getirilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme 20 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na imzalanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, imzac\u0131 taraflarca bug\u00fcne kadar herhangi bir giri\u015fimde bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, kendili\u011finden uzayagelmi\u015f ve herhangi bir tadilata u\u011framam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki, S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin 28. Maddesinde yer alan, “Bo\u011fazlardan ge\u00e7i\u015f ve seyr\u00fcsefer \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinin sonsuz bir s\u00fcreye sahip oldu\u011fu” ifadesi, ileride S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi durumunda bile, Bo\u011fazlardan ge\u00e7i\u015fin tamamen k\u0131s\u0131tlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde yorumlanmaktad\u0131r. Bo\u011fazlardan ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ancak Montr\u00f6’y\u00fc imzalayan devletlerin oy birli\u011fiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler de mevcuttur. T\u00fcrkiye, \u00e7evresel sonu\u00e7lar ve insani g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7eleriyle 1994 ve 1998’de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 hukuk d\u00fczenlemeleriyle (Bo\u011fazlar ve Marmara Deniz Trafik D\u00fczeni Hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcz\u00fck\/T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 Deniz Trafik D\u00fczeni T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) Montr\u00f6’deki bu “sonsuz” ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmay\u0131 denemi\u015fse de, gelen itirazlar sebebiyle, amac\u0131na tam olarak ula\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00d6ZLE\u015eME G\u00dcNCELLE\u015eMEL\u0130 Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin mevcudiyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi halinde, hi\u00e7bir ticaret gemisinin Bo\u011fazlardan ge\u00e7i\u015finin engellenmesi ve Kanal \u0130stanbul’dan ge\u00e7meye zorlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck projenin, in\u015fa gerek\u00e7elerinden en \u00f6nemlisi olan \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 trafi\u011finin hafifletilmesi hedefine hizmet edebilmesi, ancak Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00f6ncelik ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yenilenmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Bu ise daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir uluslararas\u0131 manzaray\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ni T\u00fcrkiye’yle birlikte, Lozan Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin de taraf\u0131 olan \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, Japonya, SSCB, Romanya, Bulgaristan, Yunanistan ve Yugoslavya imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130talya S\u00f6zle\u015fme’ye 1938’de kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Japonya ise 1951’de s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. SSCB’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, ard\u0131ll\u0131k ilkesi gere\u011fince, Rusya Federasyonu, Ukrayna ve G\u00fcrcistan Montr\u00f6’ye taraf olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 durumun Yugoslavya’n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan devletler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. \u0130mzac\u0131 devletlerden \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya, Yunanistan, Romanya ve Bulgaristan ise, 2000’lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir Karadeniz Politikas\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin \u00fcyesidir. Bu tabloya, Montr\u00f6’ye taraf olmayan ama en son 2008’deki Rusya-G\u00fcrcistan sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Karadeniz’e sava\u015f gemilerini s\u00fcre k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na tak\u0131lmadan \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun diplomasi y\u00fcr\u00fcten ABD’yi de ekledi\u011fimizde durumun karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. RUSYA VE ABD’N\u0130N ROL\u00dc Sonu\u00e7 olarak, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Kanal \u0130stanbul’u istedi\u011fi zaman, istedi\u011fi \u015fekilde in\u015fa etmesini engelleyebilecek bir devlet ya da uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct yoktur. Fakat Kanal’\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten hedeflenen \u015fekilde i\u015flev g\u00f6rebilmesi i\u00e7in, Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi icap eder. Bu ise, \u00e7ok bilinmeyenli bir denklemi T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00f6n\u00fcne getirebilir. Ba\u015fta Kanal’\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131nda ticari ortakl\u0131k gibi yollar olmak \u00fczere, Rusya bu konuda ikna edilse bile, Montr\u00f6’n\u00fcn di\u011fer taraflar\u0131n\u0131n da uzla\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekir. Dahas\u0131, Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi sadece serbest ge\u00e7i\u015f ilkesini d\u00fczenlememektedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi konusu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ku\u015fkusuz t\u00fcm taraflar ve art\u0131k petrol kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi konusunda kimsenin \u015f\u00fcphesi bulunmayan Karadeniz’de \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 olan ABD, kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yeni Bo\u011fazlar stat\u00fcs\u00fcne \u015fekil vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklard\u0131r. Kanal \u0130stanbul projesi, bu boyutuyla da ince elenip, s\u0131k dokunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130N\u015eAAT ENGELLENEMEZ D\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131ran “Kanal \u0130stanbul” Projesi i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrkiye’nin kendi egemenlik alan\u0131nda, sun’i bir kanal in\u015fa etmesini engelleyecek hi\u00e7bir uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kural\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir. GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e \u0130STE\u011eE BA\u011eLI Kanal a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her ne gerek\u00e7eyle olursa olsun, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n gemi trafi\u011fine kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak isteyen gemilerin “cebren” Kanal’a y\u00f6nlendirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Karadeniz ve Marmara […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1165"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}