{"id":1115,"date":"2011-01-11T13:48:09","date_gmt":"2011-01-11T11:48:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1115"},"modified":"2024-03-11T16:06:54","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T13:06:54","slug":"uluslararasi-propaganda-icin-interneti-daha-iyi-kullanmaliyiz-turkiye-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/?p=1115","title":{"rendered":"Uluslararas\u0131 propaganda i\u00e7in interneti daha iyi kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z (11.01.2011) T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\">YEN\u0130 ADI &#8220;KAMU D\u0130PLOMAS\u0130S\u0130&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\">TV, internet ve uydu yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya s\u00fcratle hakim olmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 propagandan\u0131n yeni ad\u0131 olan &#8220;Kamu Diplomasisi&#8221;nde daha g\u00fcncel ve daha etkili y\u00f6ntemlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCE KURULU\u015eLARI KULLANILIYOR Bir\u00e7ok devlet, resm\u00ee yollardan kamuoyuna aktarmakta sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilgi ve fikirleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yayarak, onlar\u0131 post-modern bir propaganda a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line getiriyor. Kitle ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde propagandan\u0131n \u00f6nemi giderek artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bilhassa \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik, kriz ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma zamanlar\u0131nda propaganda faaliyetlerinin yo\u011funluk kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6ntemlerle ve farkl\u0131 isimler alt\u0131nda da olsa, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler alan\u0131nda propaganda \u00f6nemini koruyor. Propaganda kelimesinin -ba\u015fta Nazi Almanyas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n propaganda bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmak \u00fczere- \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz anlam sebebiyle Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;ndan sonra bu t\u00fcrden faaliyetlerini de\u011fi\u015fik isimlerle y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi tercih ettiler. Mesela ABD Tan\u0131tma Ajans\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan Amerika&#8217;n\u0131n Sesi Radyosu So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131 boyunca, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya kom\u00fcnizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 propaganda yay\u0131nlar\u0131 yapt\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, yine ABD taraf\u0131ndan \u00d6zg\u00fcr Avrupa Radyosu ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Radyosu ad\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan yay\u0131n kurumlar\u0131, bilhassa Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin halklar\u0131n\u0131 etki alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. KARA-BEYAZ PROPAGANDA Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ise ABD&#8217;nin bu hamlesine, beyaz propaganda yapan Moskova Radyosu ve gri propaganda yapan Bar\u0131\u015f ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Radyosuyla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. \u0130ngiltere ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm NATO \u00fclkeleri ve \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti de, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun olarak de\u011fi\u015fik isimler verdikleri propaganda birimleri kurdular. S\u00f6z konusu birimler, krizin derinle\u015fti\u011fi anlarda, kara propaganda yapmaktan da \u00e7ekinmediler. Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 blokla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesi propaganda faaliyetlerinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmad\u0131. Tam tersine, 1990&#8217;lardan itibaren internet ve uydu yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya s\u00fcratle yay\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni ve etkili propaganda y\u00f6ntemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi sonucunu do\u011furdu. K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131, ABD&#8217;nin Afganistan&#8217;\u0131 ve Irak&#8217;\u0131 i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda Amerikan resm\u00ee kurumlar\u0131 ve onlarla i\u015f birli\u011fi h\u00e2lindeki \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda &#8220;bilgilendirme&#8221; yapmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bu d\u00f6nemde, 1965&#8217;te Amerikal\u0131 bir \u00fcniversite profes\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen &#8220;kamu diplomasisi&#8221; kavram\u0131, Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler taraf\u0131ndan giderek benimsendi. NATO&#8217;nun Tan\u0131t\u0131m Ofisinin ad\u0131n\u0131n Kamu Diplomasisi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden sonra, aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin de bulundu\u011fu baz\u0131 m\u00fcttefikler d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131klar\u0131na, milli g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131na ya da ba\u015fbakanl\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 Kamu Diplomasisi birimleri olu\u015fturdular. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nem ayn\u0131 zamanda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu (think tank) denilen yar\u0131 akademik kurumlar\u0131n do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 yollardan propaganda alan\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekilmesine de sahne oldu. \u00c7o\u011fu devlet, resm\u00ee yollardan kamuoyuna aktarmalar\u0131nda sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri bilgi ve fikirleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yaymay\u0131 adet edindiler. Ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 devlete veyahut baz\u0131 bask\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131na maddi katk\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f yapan, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de son derece komplike, daha do\u011fru bir tabirle post-modern bir propaganda a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line geldiler. \u0130\u00c7 POL\u0130T\u0130KA MALZEMES\u0130 Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, daha \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde oldu\u011fu gibi propaganda -yeni ad\u0131yla kamu diplomasisi- faaliyetleri yurt i\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki alanda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Kamu diplomasisi yapan kurumlar kendi \u00fclkelerinin halklar\u0131na, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin izledi\u011fi politikalar\u0131n sebeplerini anlatan, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bu politikalar\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran, e\u011fer bir kriz durumu s\u00f6z konusuysa, halk\u0131n moralini y\u00fcksek tutan faaliyetlerde bulunmaya devam ettiler. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle demokratik \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funda, do\u011frudan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin denetimi alt\u0131nda bulunan kamu diplomasisi birimlerinin, kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, siyasi propaganda, y\u00f6nlendirme ve oy avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131, bu y\u00fczden de muhalefet partilerine kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z bir rekabet meydana getirdikleri ele\u015ftirileri hakl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131. Kamu diplomasisinin, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin eylemlerini aklama ve destekleme birimlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin en \u00f6nemli sebebi olarak da, herhangi bir demokratik denetim mekanizmas\u0131na tabi olmamalar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc fonlardan yararland\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in de normal yollardan mali denetime tabi tutulamamalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterildi. HER ARA\u00c7 KULLANILIYOR Di\u011fer yandan, kamu diplomasisi birimleri yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik faaliyetleri, ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerinin halklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi milli menfaatleri do\u011frultusunda etkileme, yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme birimlerinin davran\u0131\u015f kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirme, uluslararas\u0131 platformlarda o \u00fclkenin izledi\u011fi d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n destek almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama alanlar\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin sadece devletlerin resm\u00ee g\u00f6revlilerinin aras\u0131ndaki temaslarla y\u00fcr\u00fcmedi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, bu t\u00fcrden kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerinin \u00f6nemi giderek artt\u0131. Kamu diplomasisi birimlerinin, istihbarat kurulu\u015flar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u00fcniversiteler, bas\u0131n, yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla koordineli olarak geli\u015ftirdikleri modern propaganda teknikleri, devletlerin d\u0131\u015f politika hedeflerine ula\u015fmada en fazla yararland\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u00e7lar h\u00e2line geldi. Bazen \u00e7ok fazla izlenen bir dizinin kahraman\u0131n\u0131n dudaklar\u0131ndan d\u00f6k\u00fclen bir c\u00fcmle veya k\u00fct\u00fcphanesindeki bir kitap, bazen bir Hollywood filmindeki k\u00f6t\u00fc karakterin milliyeti, hatta bindi\u011fi araban\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke, bazen pop\u00fcler bir yazar\u0131n milyonlar satan kitab\u0131nda karanl\u0131k ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu betimlenen bir kurulu\u015f vb. kamu diplomasisi \u00f6rneklerine g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131ndan daha fazla rastlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. \u0130NTERNET\u0130N \u00d6NEM\u0130 \u0130nternet de en \u00f6nemli kamu diplomasisi m\u00fccadele alanlar\u0131ndan biri h\u00e2line d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bir arama motorunda, bir \u00fclkenin uluslararas\u0131 problemlerine ili\u015fkin tezlerini i\u00e7eren internet sitelerinin ilk s\u0131rada \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan tutun da, art\u0131k \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerinin bile \u00f6dev haz\u0131rlarken -maalesef- ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca kaynak h\u00e2line gelen sanal ansiklopedilerde o konunun nas\u0131l aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 y\u00f6ntem, bizzat kamu diplomasisi birimleri taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. Tek kutupluluktan, k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen ve istikrar sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hukuki kurumlar\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaotik bir uluslararas\u0131 atmosfere do\u011fru h\u0131zla s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen d\u00fcnyada, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin milli \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda faaliyet g\u00f6steren kamu diplomasisi yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n daha etkin h\u00e2le getirilmesi ve &#8220;T\u00fcrk&#8217;e T\u00fcrk\u00fcn propagandas\u0131n\u0131&#8221; yapmaktan \u00e7ok, milli menfaatlerimizi uluslararas\u0131 alanda daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde savunabilen proaktif politikalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi elzemdir. \u0130\u015fe, Google ve Vikipedia&#8217;da Ermeni iddialar\u0131 ve K\u0131br\u0131s sorunuyla ilgili mevcut T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 internet sitelerinden daha fazla say\u0131da ve pop\u00fcler internet sitesinin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fine kafa yormakla ba\u015flanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>YEN\u0130 ADI &#8220;KAMU D\u0130PLOMAS\u0130S\u0130&#8221; TV, internet ve uydu yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya s\u00fcratle hakim olmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 propagandan\u0131n yeni ad\u0131 olan &#8220;Kamu Diplomasisi&#8221;nde daha g\u00fcncel ve daha etkili y\u00f6ntemlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCE KURULU\u015eLARI KULLANILIYOR Bir\u00e7ok devlet, resm\u00ee yollardan kamuoyuna aktarmakta sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilgi ve fikirleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yayarak, onlar\u0131 post-modern bir propaganda a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1115"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13690,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1115\/revisions\/13690"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cagrierhan.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}